1. utopia, and Socialism introduced during the I.R?
New Ways of Thinking
Lecture 3
Standard
EQ~ Why were communism,
utopia, and Socialism introduced during the I.R?

2. Population BOOM Thomas Malthus~ British economist
Saw effects of population explosion
Crowded slums, hungry families, unemployment, widespread misery
Said poor people should have less children
“The power of population is far greater than the power of the Earth to produce subsistence for man.”

3. “The power of population is far greater than the
power of the Earth to produce subsistence for man.”

4. Capitalism~ Free Market
Adam Smith~ Scottish economist
Laissez-Faire Economics~ hands-off
Little gov. involvement in business
Unregulated exchange of goods would help all, not just R$CH
“Man is an animal that makes bargains:
no other animal does this – no dog
exchanges bones with another”

5. Utilitarianism for Limited Government
Jeremy Bentham
Goal of Society: “Greatest good for the Greatest #”
Meaning~ the accumulation of wealth in few hands is immoral
John Stuart Mill
Wanted government to help improve the lives of the working class
Advocated the right to vote for workers and women

6. Socialist Thought Emerges
Socialism:
People as a whole (not individuals) own and operate the means of production
Farms, Factories, Railways, etc…
Robert Owen
Utopian
no difference between the rich & poor
No social structure = no fighting

7. Communism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels ~ German Philosophers
Despised capitalism
Wrote~ Communist Manifesto
Communism: A form of socialism in which inevitable struggle between social classes, proletariat (peasants) vs. the Bourgeoisie, would lead to the creation of a classless society
economic inequity (inequality) is the driving force of history

8. Karl Marxism in the Future
Germany 1860’s
Social Democracy: Gradual Transition from capitalism to socialism
Russian Revolution 1917
Set up communist-inspired government under Lenin then Stalin
“Workers are exploited by the greed of their employers” Karl Marx

9. Why??? Creation of Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Utopianism
Are do to the hardships bought about during the Industrial Revolution.

10. Vocabulary 170-188 Or Lecture
Industrial Revolution
Factors of Production (lec)
Urbanization
Entrepreneur
Tenement
Labor union
Communism
Means of production