1. 20 March 2018
Enabling Technologies for Green Internet of Things Authors: Faisal Karim Shaikh, Sherali Zeadally, Ernesto Exposito Published: IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2017
Abhishek Viswanathan
School of Computing & Information
University of Pittsburgh
CS3720 – Advanced Topics on Internet of Things

2. Green IoT: Why? When? Where? How?
ICT’s global carbon footprint – Currently 3%, will be
6-8% in two years.
When?
Ideally when IoT became a thing, but it’s never too late.
Where?
Everywhere! There are IoT Applications in almost all sectors: consumer, enterprise, manufacturing, agriculture, energy management, environmental monitoring, building automation, smart-cities, medical, transportation.
How?
This paper is a good jumping-off point.

3. Machines are generating a lot more data now
What has changed?
Machines are generating a lot more data now

4. Green IoT - Definition
Green IoT can be defined as the energy efficient procedures (hardware or software) adopted by IoT either to facilitate reducing the greenhouse effect of existing applications and services or to reduce the impact of greenhouse effect of IoT itself.
What I see it as:
How can we make IoT less polluting, more efficient and leverage it to mitigate rapidly accelerating climate change?

5. Enabling Technologies for IoT
Enablers
Advantages
Disadvantages
Green Tags – RFID
Small
Easily to Integrate
Non Line of Sight
Cheap
Active tags require battery
Low transmission range
Tags are difficult to Recycle
Green Sensing Networks
Helps us understand our environment
Energy Efficient
Could be battery-less (power-harvesting)
Batteries need to be changed
Sensors will eventually have to disposed
Green Internet Technologies – Cloud
High-performance computing
High-capacity storage
Financially beneficial
Outsourced management
Massive energy consumption -> CO2 footprint

7. Industrial Automation
Predictive Maintenance
Smart-Metering
Asset-Tracking
Automated Vehicles
Smart Plant Monitoring
Ansys’ Digital Twin

8. Health & Living Real-time Tracking and Identification
Smart Data Collection
Smart Sensing
Smart Sports
Smart Social Networks

9. Habitat Monitoring Smart agriculture Smart Animals
Smart Underwater Sensor Networks

10. Smart Cities Smart Buildings Smart Streetlights Smart Waste
Smart Environment
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

11. Energy Smart Grid Smart Metering
smart meters give you near real time information on energy use - expressed in pounds and pence
you will be able to better manage your energy use, save money and reduce emissions
smart meters will bring an end to estimated billing - you will only be billed for the energy you actually use, helping you budget better
in time smart meters will make switching supplier smoother and faster, making it easier to get the best deals

12. Transportation Smart Parking Smart Traffic Congestion Detection
Smart Logistics/Shipment
To detect whether spaces are open or occupied, the Los Angeles Department of Transportationembedded wireless sensors on 6,300 parking spaces and in some city-owned parking lots.
In contrast to traditional traffic engineering approaches, our approach gives agency and decision-making influence to individual drivers and exploits auction mechanisms to make traffic control decisions. Drivers make payments to their corresponding movement managers (each responsible for a particular directional flow through the intersection), and movement managers then compete for control of the signal. 

13. Lessons Simplicity Sensing sensibly Data & Context-Awareness
Interference-free
Mobile Apps

14. Related Projects & Standardization
Project EARTH – Energy Aware Radio and neTwork tecHnologies
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Communication Systems
TREND – Toward Real Energy-efficient Network Design
Collect and Assess power consumption data and potential of new technologies
GreenNet
Spreading awareness of green networks
TSCGCC – Technical Subcommittee on Green Communications and Computing
Develop and Standardize Energy Efficient communications and computing
GreenTouch
Reducing the CO2 footprint of ICT devices & Networks

15. Challenges & Opportunities
Green IoT Architectures
Green Infrastructure
Green Spectrum Management
Green Communication
Green Security & QoS Provisioning
Green IoT architectures: models where both devices and protocols are energy efficient
Green Infra: Clean-slate is too radical, focus on exploiting current infra to make it more green
Green spectrum mgmt.: Cognitive radio – monitor spectrum and transmit during free time
Green Comm – Tethering & Multihopping to save energy while scaling
Green Security & QoS -

16. Thank you.