1. By Ashton, Rebecca, and Jorja
Belgians in the Congo
By Ashton, Rebecca, and Jorja

2. WAKANDA

3. Background to the Congo Crisis
Congo under Belgian control before WWII; left June 1960
No strong national identity
Power vacuum→military mutiny→New gov’t lasted 2 weeks
Violence against Europeans
Katanga seceded
PM Lumumba (Congo) and PM Eyskens (Belgium)

5. U Thant, UN Secretary General
Description
UN- Withdraw troops, ONUC, resolution 143, 10,000 troops
Lumumba appealed to USSR to reunify, failed
U.S. funded overthrow by Mobutu
United by Adoula, wanted UN help to unify
August UN troops failed in Katanga
September UN Secretary General died
New SG led Grand Slam → Success!
U Thant, UN Secretary General UN
Withdraw troops
ONUC - Operation des Nations Unies au Congo
Resolution restore stability, remove other countries, establish economy
10,000 troops to maintain peace
Lumumba appealed to USSR to reunify with Katanga, failed
U.S. funded overthrow by Colonel Joseph Mobutu in order to remove influence of USSR, but Lumumba remained popular
Though there were multiple factions claiming to be the government (Katanga, Lumumba, Mobutu) Cyrille Adoula was able to unite them
UN failed mission with 5000 troops to unify
September UN Secretary General died
New Secretary general, U Thant, successfully planned military operation Grand Slam to reunify

6. WAKANDA
KATANGA

7. Effects of the Congo Crisis
Secretary general vital to make policies in UN
Reveals success of UN force
UN provided humanitarian aid→prevented disease and famine
USSR proposed new leadership in UN→lost popular support
Differing views created chaos and is still a problem today
Congo opposition supporters demonstrate in rally against modern day president
One large effect of the crisis is that it reveals the importance of the sectretary general in the UN

8. Terms and People PM Patrice Lumumba Moise Tshombe
Colonel Joseph Mobutu
Cyrille Adoula
Dag Hammarskjöld
U Thant
Plane crash that killed Dag Hammarskjöld
Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba
Democratically elected, part of two-week government, appealed to UN, then USSR
Moise Tshombe
Leader of rival government in Katanga
Colonel Joseph Mobutu
Overthrew government and removed Soviets
Sounds a lot like M’Butu who was the president of the country neighboring Wakanda called Niganda that the Wakandans hated
Cyrille Adoula
Leader when 3 of 4 territories joined together
Dag Hammarskjöld
UN Secretary General, died in plane crash
U Thant
New UN Secretary General, took action against Tshombe

9. Impact on Cold War Defined role of UN Secretary General
Mobutu seen as anti-communist→supported by US
UN could use force if necessary
Mobutu and Nixon
Defined role of UN Secretary General, showed that this position was necessary due to the problems it caused when Hammarskjöld was killed
Mobutu seen as anti-communist when he forced the Soviets out of the country, led to US support

10. WAKANDA

11. Works Cited Hurst, Ryan. “Congo Civil War.” BlackPast (15 July 2009)
Willame, Jean-Claude. “Patrice Lumumba: La Crise Congolaise Revisté.” Congopresse (1960). Accessed on
“U Thant.” United Nations Secretary General. (n.d)
“US: Political Crisis Building in Democratic Republic of Congo.” VOA (10 February 2016).

12. WAKANDA FOREVER!