1. America as a World Power

2. Imperialism and Expansion
Imperialism – building an empire by founding colonies and conquering nations.
– European countries take control of Africa and most of Asia.
Reasons for Imperialism:
1. desire for resources
2. needed new trade markets
3. expansion of military power
4. source of national pride (Nationalism)

3. Africa

5. United States
Isolationism – avoiding involvement with foreign countries
U.S did not begin expanding until the late 1800’s.
1867 – U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
“Seward’s Folly” – William H. Seward – Secretary of State
1893 – Hawaii – sugar planters lead a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani – U.S. annexes Hawaii in 1898.

8. Spanish-American War 1895 – Cuba revolts against Spanish rule
200,000 Cubans die in the revolt and in Spanish concentration camps.
Joseph Pulitzer/William Randolph Hearst – newspaper publishers in New York
Yellow Journalism – exaggerating and twisting the news
1896 – William McKinley elected President – supported Cuban independence

9. Cuba

12. William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer

13. William McKinley

14. “Remember the Maine”
January 25, 1898 – U.S. battleship Maine arrives in Havana, Cuba to protect U.S. interests
February 15 – Maine explodes – 260 American sailors are killed – Most Americans blame Spain
April 20 – Teller Amendment – tells Spain to leave Cuba – U.S. has no interest in taking over
April 24 – Spain declares war on U.S.
August 12 – Spain surrenders

16. Yellow Journalism

17. War with Spain
America wins fairly easily, despite being poorly prepared when war begins.
Most Americans die of tropical diseases, not battle wounds
Theodore Roosevelt – Rough Riders
U.S. 10th Cavalry – all-black unit
U.S gains the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico from Spain.
Platt Amendment – Cuba becomes independent, but U.S. has final say-so on all Cuban affairs.

20. Teddy
Roosevelt

22. Panama Canal Journey around South America could take up to six weeks.
U.S. leaders wanted to cut that time by digging a canal across Central America
Several attempts had already been made.
1901 – Teddy Roosevelt becomes President after McKinley’s assassination.
1903 – Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty – U.S. gets a 10-mile wide zone across Panama for 99 years - $10 million plus $250,000 a year
Canal opens in 1914 – cost $375 million to build – 6,000 men died building it - disease

23. Panama

24. Building the Canal

26. Latin America
Monroe Doctrine – 1823 – Europeans had to stay out of the Americas
Many European nations had loaned money to Central and South America. – These countries often refused to repay their debts.
Roosevelt Corollary – The United States would force these countries to repay their debts; kept Europeans out. “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
United States marines occupy many Central and South American nations multiple times to force debt repayment and protect American businesses and citizens

28. Roosevelt Corollary

30. Roosevelt as President
Progressives – reformers who wanted to solve problems in the U.S. caused by rapid growth and change
Square Deal – forced companies to negotiate with workers for better conditions (arbitration)
Trust-busting – breaking up big companies – helped the public avoid higher costs
Conservation – greatly expanded the National Park system – doubled the number of parks and national monuments
Muckrakers – journalists who exposed corruption and waste in government and business
Progressive Problems
1. Urban issues – crime, poverty, disease/sanitation, overcrowding
2. Political/financial reform and corruption
3. Workplace reform – child labor, worker safety, better pay and conditions
4. Women and Minority Rights

31. Theodore Roosevelt

33. Dollar Diplomacy William Howard Taft – elected President in 1909
Believed in letting American businesses influence Latin America first.
America invested or loaned millions to Latin American countries
Military was last resort if they did not repay.

34. William Howard Taft

36. American Intervention

39. Mexican Revolution
Porfirio Diaz – Mexican dictator, worked closely with American business and government
1910 – Revolution begins – Francisco Madero
Breaks down into a multi-sided civil war
Victoriano Huerta – takes power in 1913
1914 – US marines capture port of Veracruz – to keep European arms from being delivered
Pancho Villa – March 1916 – raids across the border into New Mexico, killing 17 US Citizens
John J. Pershing – leads US soldiers into Mexico after Villa, never catching him
1920 – Mexican civil war ends

41. Porfirio Diaz
Victoriano Heurta
Pancho Villa

42. John J. Pershing