1. 11.4
Britain and India

2. Early Colonial Rule
East India Company controls much of India w/little interference from British gvt.
Use sepoys (Indian soldiers) as private army
India = Britain’s “jewel in the crown” (most valuable colony)
Laws req. India to buy British goods, produce raw materials for England, prevented competition from Indian industries

3. Sepoy Mutiny
Indians experience economic problems & racism – leads to anger & feelings of nationalism
Rumor spread that rifle cartridges were greased with beef & pork fat – must bite off end of cartridge to use
Hindus consider cows sacred
Muslims don’t eat pork
Many sepoys = Hindu & Muslim

4. Sepoy Mutiny 85-90% of sepoys refuse to use new cartridges
Disobedient sepoys were jailed
Next day, sepoys march to Delhi
Riots break out all over India
English retaliate
Thoughts of restoring Mughal Empire fail
British gvt. take control over India – called Raj
Example of English attitude & response - Amristar Massacre 1919

5. Nationalism in India Calls for reform
Indians were second-class citizens in their own country
Hindus and Muslims have rivalry – cannot unite; keeps English in power
Indian National Congress & Muslim League = groups calling for self-government
Eventually India = independent ; Muslims concerned about Hindu majority
Muslims declare independence & form country of Pakistan