1. The English Empire in America
First English settlements were disasters!
Roanoke Island – 2 attempts failed (1587 colony lost)
VA. Co.  Jamestown – 1607
Of 144 who arrived first – 38 survived the first year
Starving time
No gold or silver
Powhatan and Indian Wars
As late as 1642, only 8000 lived in VA,

2. Factors contributing to the English colonization of America
Strategic interests of England
Rivalry with Spain. Spain, naval power based on gold and silver from Americas, threat to Protestant England
Need for timber

3. Economic Factors
Economic Distress in England settlement in Virginia, and Southern Colonies
“surplus population” moved to cities  fear of disorder
America opportunities for indentured servants
Capitalists
Joint stock companies (Virginia Co.)  Jamestown;
Headright system

4. Religious Motivations
Puritans (NE)
Great Migration – City on a Hill (model communities to provide example for reform),
Separatists (Plymouth) – escape sinful England
Quakers – (PA), (23K) by religious opportunity
Catholics – Maryland,
OVER TIME ECONOMIC FACTORS FOR MIGRATION OVERWHELMED RELIGIOUS REASONS

5. Virginia and Tobacco
Tobacco became basis of economy (Rolfe)and saved failing colony
Need for labor
Indentured servants
¾ of VA immigrants – 1675
Soil butchery 
Expansion
Problems with Indians

6. The House of Burgesses - first legislature in English colonies (1619)

7. First Africans arrived (1619)
perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants.
Slavery not that important until the end of the 17c!

8. Cavalier Virginia – William Berkeley (1641) (think self centered liberty) – goal recreate aristocratic England
Displaced cavaliers –
aristocratic
Scattered estates on which planters were free
Dependence on indentured servants “my people”
Goal to live idly and freely
Growing number of poor – HUGE PROBLEM!

9. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676
1,000 piedmont Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley
Freed indentured servants – concerns = high taxes, Berkeley’s unwillingness to exterminate Indians
In the end rebellion failed but…
planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel and a way to lessen class differences BLACK SLAVES!!
Nathaniel Bacon
Governor William Berkeley

10. Bellwork: Identify First legislative body in the new world.
He helped improved conditions for Indians.
This revolt delayed Spanish control in New Mexico (present-day southwest US).
1st English settlement in the new world.
Fabled route to Asia through North America.
Gave 50 arces of land to planters who brought new people to the Virginia.
Saved Jamestown
1st French settlement in the new world.
Forced labor system in the Spanish colonies for Indians.

11. Identify, explain, and analyze the impact of English colonization of North America.
Agenda:
Bellwork—Answer by writing the word down on a sheet of paper. (USE NOTES and BRAIN ONLY NOT YOUR NEIGHBOR
NEW SEATS
Summary Sheet—New England and Middle Colonies
Concept Map
HW:
HW: Due Wednesday 9/21/16—Quiz Chapters 1&2
Due Friday, 9/23/16 Read pages 66-76—There will be an assignment related to reading!

12. Puritans And Separatists (Pilgrims) and Their Impact
Puritan legacy very important
Not the same as Separatists coming to Plymouth
Great Migration (1630 – 1642) – 20K before 1640, population of 100,000 by 1700

13. Reformers of COE Calvinism Predestination. Puritans:
Want to radically reform [purify] the corrupt Church of England and society
Desire to recreate independent villages not threatened by kings and bishops
Separatists (Pilgrims)(Mayflower):
believed in a total break from the Church of England.

14. Puritans and Covenant Theology
“Covenant of Grace”:
A responsibility of community to serve God
“Social Covenant”:
Between members of Puritan communities with each other.
Social reciprocity
Required mutual watchfulness.
No toleration of deviance or disorder.

15. Massachusetts – John Winthrop and Puritans (1630)
City on a Hill, missionary vision
Bible Commonwealth – theocracy (not ministers), elect vote (not wealth)
Community! Watchfulness, just prices, charity  tension with individualism
ORDER! (not freedom)

16. Importance of education and work ethic
Harvard – 1636
MA public schools
Town meetings. Limited power to the central government
Healthy conditions, growing population
Eventually Puritanism faded (loss of enthusiasm)
Intolerance
Hutchinson, Williams, Quakers, witches

17. Rhode Island – Roger Williams - 1636
Williams: separation of church and state, and freedom of religion,
Anne Hutchinson – challenged male hierarchy
refuge for dissenters, most democratic and free (like NC) , first Jewish community

18. Pennsylvania – William Penn - 1681
Society of Friends (Quakers)
Belief in equality - pacifists.
Advertised   diversity especially Germans and Scotts Irish
City of Brotherly love, Holy Experiment
Dealt fairly with Native Americans
No established church
All landowners voted

19. New York – Duke of York
Duke of York given territory - a royal colony by English King