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Types of Governments.

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Presentation on theme: "Types of Governments."— Presentation transcript:

1 Types of Governments

2 What is Government? A government is a body with the authority to make laws, enforce those laws, and interpret the laws when disagreements arise. A government also oversees the general welfare of its people.

3 Why Do We Have Governments?
Make laws or rules people must follow. Make sure laws are carried out. Settle disagreements about the laws. Oversee the welfare of its people.

4 There are three different types of governments:
Types: Who rules and who participates. Autocracy: Rule by one Oligarchy: Rule by few Democracy: Rule by all

5 Autocracy Government in which the power to govern is held by one person. Generally the power to rule is inherited or by military force. There are three types of Autocracy. Dictatorships Absolute Monarchies Constitutional Monarchies

6 Dictatorship A dictatorship consists of rule by one person or a group of people Very few dictators admit they are dictators and almost always claim to be leaders of democracies Description A leader takes control over the government and has total power. Cuba ( Fidel Castro) North Korea ( Kim Jong II)

7 Monarchy A monarchy consists of rule by a king or queen or “emperor”
May be Absolute or Constitutional There are no large monarchies today The United Kingdom, which has a queen, is really a republic because the queen has virtually no political power.

8 Absolute Monarchy Description When the King/Queen has total power over the government Example Louis XIV in France during the 1700s

9 Oligarchy Description When a family or small group of people control all of government’s power. The group gets their power from either military, wealth or social status. Elections may be held but offer only one candidate. Example China and The old Soviet Union Only one party(communists)

10 Democracy “Democracy” literally means “rule by the people.” In a democracy, the people govern by voting.

11 Two Forms of Democracy Parliamentary Democracy Presidential Democracy
Voters elect members to a Parliament (legislature) Example: British Parliament Has two Houses: House of Commons: House of Lords: The Political Party with the most votes in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister, who serves as both the leader of legislature and the nation’s head of government. Voters elect legislators and voters elect the president. Therefore, in the presidential system voters have a more direct say about those who serve in two branches f the government: Legislative Executive

12 To study governments, geographers look at the following:
Systems – How the power is distributed. Types – Who rules and who participates.

13 Systems of Government are based on one question: How is the power distributed?
There are three ways governments distribute power: Unitary Confederation Federal

14 Unitary One central government controls everything.
Power is not shared between states, counties or provinces. Examples : United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and Spain

15 Ways Government Distributes Power
Unitary Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

16 Confederation A voluntary association of independent states that agrees to follow a powerful central government. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government. Examples: Confederate States of America ( ), Russian Federation.

17 Ways Government Distributes Power
Confederation Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

18 Federal Power is shared by a powerful central government.
States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples: United States, Germany

19 Ways Government Distributes Power
Federation / Federal Ways Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

20 Ways Government Distributes Power
All key powers are held by the central government State/regional authorities hold most of the power Unitary Confederation Federal Strong central government Weaker central government

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