1. Introduction to Plants
Unit 4 Earth’s Organisms Lesson 4

2. What Makes a Plant a Plant?
What do you know about plants?

3. What Makes a Plant a Plant?
What do you know about plants?
How are plants different from animals?

4. Observing Transport Quick Lab
Let’s do a two-day lab to identify to function of a stem. For the procedure, please plan on using 100 mL of water and 5 drops of food coloring.

5. Great Plant Escape
With a partner over the next few days, please plan on completing the packet for The Great Plant Escape!

6. Introduction
Welcome to the lesson, "Introduction to Plants," where you'll learn about the characteristics that all plants share. You'll also find out about the characteristics that distinguish the major plant divisions.
EQ: What are plants?
The vocabulary words for this lesson are producer, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, vascular system, seed, pollen, gymnosperm, and angiosperm.

7. Vocabulary
Producer: An organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings
Photosynthesis: The processes by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
Chlorophyll: A green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis
Vascular system: A conducting system of tissues that transport water and other materials in plants or in animals.
Seed: A plant embryo that is enclosed in a protective coat
Pollen: The tiny granules that contain the male gametophyte of seed plans
Gymnosperm: A woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit
Angiosperm: A flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

8. Plants Alive
Think about how plants take in the substances they need to grow. What do the roots do?

9. Plants Alive
Think about how plants take in the substances they need to grow. What do the roots do?
Roots take in water and minerals.
Are water and minerals all that plants need to survive?

10. Plants Alive
Look at the image of the cell on page Why is chlorophyll so important to plants?

11. Plants Alive
Look at the image of the cell on page Why is chlorophyll so important to plants?
Chlorophyll captures energy from the sun. Plants use this energy to make their food. Without chlorophyll, plants could not survive.

12. Plants Alive
Look at the image of the cell on page Why is chlorophyll so important to plants?
Chlorophyll captures energy from the sun. Plants use this energy to make their food. Without chlorophyll, plants could not survive.
How are a cell wall and a cell membrane different?

13. Plants Alive
Look at the image of the cell on page Why is chlorophyll so important to plants?
Chlorophyll captures energy from the sun. Plants use this energy to make their food. Without chlorophyll, plants could not survive.
How are a cell wall and a cell membrane different?
The cell wall is rigid and is outside the cell membrane. The cell wall supports and protects the cell, including the membrane.

14. Plants Alive
Let’s make a cycle diagram together in your notebook to describe the life cycle of a plant.

15. Plants Alive
What happens first in the life cycle of a plant?

16. Plants Alive What happens first in the life cycle of a plant?
First plants have the sporophyte stage in which they make spores.
What happens next?

17. Plants Alive What happens first in the life cycle of a plant?
First plants have the sporophyte stage in which they make spores.
What happens next?
If a sperm fertilizes an egg, and the fertilized egg grows into a sporophyte, then the life cycle begins again.

18. A Wide World of Plants
Why can’t nonvascular plants be large?

19. A Wide World of Plants Why can’t nonvascular plants be large?
They would not be able to transport enough water or nutrients to the parts of the plant that are far away from the source, since these plants depend on diffusion to move materials throughout the plant.

20. A Wide World of Plants Why can’t nonvascular plants be large?
They would not be able to transport enough water or nutrients to the parts of the plant that are far away from the source, since these plants depend on diffusion to move materials throughout the plant.
Why do mosses need to live in wet places?

21. A Wide World of Plants Why can’t nonvascular plants be large?
They would not be able to transport enough water or nutrients to the parts of the plant that are far away from the source, since these plants depend on diffusion to move materials throughout the plant.
Why do mosses need to live in wet places?
They depend on water for reproduction.

22. A Wide World of Plants Why can’t nonvascular plants be large?
They would not be able to transport enough water or nutrients to the parts of the plant that are far away from the source, since these plants depend on diffusion to move materials throughout the plant.
Why do mosses need to live in wet places?
They depend on water for reproduction.
Why can vascular plants grow tall?

23. A Wide World of Plants Why can vascular plants grow tall?
They have a vascular system to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

24. A Wide World of Plants Why can vascular plants grow tall?
They have a vascular system to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
What are the three groups of vascular plants?

25. A Wide World of Plants Why can vascular plants grow tall?
They have a vascular system to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
What are the three groups of vascular plants?
Seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

26. Seedless Plants
Look at the Venn diagram on page How are seedless vascular plants and seedless nonvascular plants alike?

27. Seedless Plants
Look at the Venn diagram on page How are seedless vascular plants and seedless nonvascular plants alike?
They require water to allow sperm to swim to an egg and they use spores to spread.

28. Seedless Plants
Look at the Venn diagram on page How are seedless vascular plants and seedless nonvascular plants alike?
They require water to allow sperm to swim to an egg and they use spores to spread.
How are mosses similar to liverworts and hornworts?

29. Seedless Plants
Look at the Venn diagram on page How are seedless vascular plants and seedless nonvascular plants alike?
They require water to allow sperm to swim to an egg and they use spores to spread.
How are mosses similar to liverworts and hornworts?
They are nonvascular and they have rhizoids to hold them in place.

30. Seedless Plants How are mosses similar to liverworts and hornworts?
They are nonvascular and they have rhizoids to hold them in place.
How are ferns, horsetails, and club mosses alike?

31. Seedless Plants How are mosses similar to liverworts and hornworts?
They are nonvascular and they have rhizoids to hold them in place.
How are ferns, horsetails, and club mosses alike?
They are seedless vascular plants. They all have roots and shoots.

32. Seedless Plants How are mosses similar to liverworts and hornworts?
They are nonvascular and they have rhizoids to hold them in place.
How are ferns, horsetails, and club mosses alike?
They are seedless vascular plants. They all have roots and shoots.
Are club mosses really mosses?

33. Seedless Plants How are ferns, horsetails, and club mosses alike?
They are seedless vascular plants. They all have roots and shoots.
Are club mosses really mosses?
No, because mosses are nonvascular and club mosses are vascular plants.

34. Seed Plants
Do flowering plants have fruit?

35. Seed Plants Do flowering plants have fruit?
Yes.
What is another name for a flowering plant?

36. Seed Plants Do flowering plants have fruit?
Yes.
What is another name for a flowering plant?
Angiosperm

37. Seed Plants Do flowering plants have fruit?
Yes.
What is another name for a flowering plant?
Angiosperm
Do nonflowering plants have fruit?

38. Seed Plants Do flowering plants have fruit?
Yes.
What is another name for a flowering plant?
Angiosperm
Do nonflowering plants have fruit?
No, nonflowering plants have no fruit

39. Seed Plants Do flowering plants have fruit?
Yes.
What is another name for a flowering plant?
Angiosperm
Do nonflowering plants have fruit?
No, nonflowering plants have no fruit
What is another name for nonflowering plants?

40. Seed Plants What is another name for a flowering plant?
Angiosperm
Do nonflowering plants have fruit?
No, nonflowering plants have no fruit
What is another name for nonflowering plants?
Gymnosperms

41. Seed Plants
One way that someone taught me to remember the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms-
Angie likes flowers, Jim does not.

42. Seed Plants
Look at page 331 and the close-up of a flower. What is the purpose of the stamen and pistil?

43. Seed Plants
Look at page 331 and the close-up of a flower. What is the purpose of the stamen and pistil?
Reproduction; these are the male and female reproductive structures of a flower

44. Seed Plants
Look at page 331 and the close-up of a flower. What is the purpose of the stamen and pistil?
Reproduction; these are the male and female reproductive structures of a flower
What does the anther do?

45. Seed Plants
Look at page 331 and the close-up of a flower. What is the purpose of the stamen and pistil?
Reproduction; these are the male and female reproductive structures of a flower
What does the anther do?
It produces pollen

46. Seed Plants
Look at page 331 and the close-up of a flower. What is the purpose of the stamen and pistil?
Reproduction; these are the male and female reproductive structures of a flower
What does the anther do?
It produces pollen
How does pollen travel from one flower to another?

47. Seed Plants What does the anther do?
It produces pollen
How does pollen travel from one flower to another?
It is carried by wind, water, or pollinators (animals like bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, etc).

48. Seed Plants What does the anther do?
It produces pollen
How does pollen travel from one flower to another?
It is carried by wind, water, or pollinators (animals like bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, etc).
What are three possible classification groups for a plant that does not have flowers?

49. Seed Plants How does pollen travel from one flower to another?
It is carried by wind, water, or pollinators (animals like bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, etc).
What are three possible classification groups for a plant that does not have flowers?
Nonvascular, seedless vascular, gymnosperm (nonflowering vascular seed plant)

50. Seed Plants
What are three possible classification groups for a plant that does not have flowers?
Nonvascular, seedless vascular, gymnosperm (nonflowering vascular seed plant)
How are vascular seedless plants different from vascular seed plants?

51. Seed Plants
What are three possible classification groups for a plant that does not have flowers?
Nonvascular, seedless vascular, gymnosperm (nonflowering vascular seed plant)
How are vascular seedless plants different from vascular seed plants?
Seedless plants depend on water to allow their sperm to fertilize eggs. Seed plants produce pollen. Seedless plants spread by spores. Seed plants spread by seeds.

52. Seed Plants
How are vascular seedless plants different from vascular seed plants?
Seedless plants depend on water to allow their sperm to fertilize eggs. Seed plants produce pollen. Seedless plants spread by spores. Seed plants spread by seeds.
How many possible categories could a plant that produces naked seeds inside cones belong to?

53. Seed Plants
How many possible categories could a plant that produces naked seeds inside cones belong to?
One- gymnosperms

54. Summary
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes. Their cells have cell walls that provide structural support for the plant.
They are producers; they make their own food. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food. Chlorophyll, found in the plant cells, absorbs energy from the sun. Plants use this energy, along with water and carbon dioxide, to make glucose, the plant's food.
Vascular plants usually have roots, stems, and leaves. The vascular tissue transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

55. Summary
Nonvascular plants are usually smaller and low to the ground. They rely on diffusion to carry water and nutrients through the plant.
Seed plants reproduce using seeds. Seedless plants use spores to reproduce.
There are two types of seed plants. Angiosperms are plants that bear seeds inside a fruit. Gymnosperms are plants that bear seeds that are not covered by a fruit.

56. Tonight’s Homework
Create a concept map that shows how plants are classified. The top circle will have Plants. Below this, show that plants are classified as Vascular or Nonvascular. Further classify plants as Seed Plants and Seedless Plants. Give examples or characteristics of each type of plant from here. You must have at least 3 circles of your own for each branch of your concept map!