1. OBJECTIVE
DO-FIRST
You will be able to explain the effects of environmentalism and transcendentalism during the Era of Reform.
Leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr., used “civil disobedience” as a way to make changes in society. Create a word web with FIVE words for the term “civil disobedience.”
Civil Disobedience

2. Civil Disobedience

3. Era of Reform: Cultural Movements
Today, we will discuss two cultural movements that happened during the Era of Reform.
Transcendentalism
Environmentalism
Fill in your guided notes!

4. Preview:
Abolitionists were working to end slavery in America. How do you think they felt after we annexed Texas to the United States? Explain in 2 sentences:

5. Slavery Causes Controversy!
As slavery became a controversial issue, many Americans started to disagree over the morality of slavery.
Expansionists who believed in Manifest Destiny argued that annexing Texas and allowing slavery in those territories was part of America’s fate.
Abolitionists increasingly opposed the spread of slavery, arguing that it was immoral and wrong to extend slavery into new parts of America.

6. Henry David Thoreau
Henry David Thoreau was a writer who argued that Americans should use civil disobedience when they disagree with what their government is doing.
Because he believed that slavery was evil, he refused to pay his taxes to the government. He was even willing to go to jail to stand up for his beliefs.

7. Rebels with a Cause!
Thoreau and his followers were known as “transcendentalists.” They believed that people were born with an inner conscience that transcended (was more important) than life experience.
This inner moral sense is what allows people to determine moral truths and decide what was right and wrong in society. Transcendentalists believed that people should use this inner moral sense to make good decisions, and not just listen to what the government tells you to do.

8. Stop and Think
What guides you to make good decisions? Do you believe you have a “conscience” or inner moral sense that helps you to make good decisions? Explain in at least 2 sentences.

9. Renegades of Funk!
How have the ideas of Thoreau influenced history? Take a look!
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What laws in our country today do you disagree with? Would you be willing to use civil disobedience to protest these laws? Explain:

10. Environmentalism
As we watch the video of the paintings, what do you notice? What do all of these paintings have in common? What do you notice about the people in the paintings?

11. Hudson River School Artists
Thomas Cole was an English immigrant who came to America and was inspired by the natural beauty he saw in the Hudson River Valley in New York State.
He was so impressed by the beauty of nature in America that he began painting romantic, detailed landscapes. He founded a school, the Hudson River School, where artists painted nature in a way that displayed the power and beauty of America’s wilderness.

12. John James Audubon
The American artist John James Audubon focused his artwork on drawings and paintings of birds and animals.
He created life-size art pieces of over 1,000 different American birds. His paintings and drawings helped Americans to see what wildlife was like before human settlement had transformed America’s wilderness into polluted, overcrowded cities.

13. SIGNIFICANCE:
The art by Cole and Audubon helped Americans to develop an interest in the natural environment and appreciate its true beauty.

14. Stop and Think
Why do you think Americans living in the industrialized cities appreciated art by Cole and Audubon? Explain in at least 1 sentence:
VS.