1. Unit 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R
Winston Churchill

2. heinous
morally very bad，evil
a heinous crime
弥天大罪
hideous
very ugly or unpleasant, painful, or difficult to bear. 
a hideous face/building/dress
a hideous onslaught
可怕的进攻
It's been a perfectly______ day
Her life has been permanently blighted by his ______ act

3. (5)I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.
stupid, easy to manage, obedient, savage.
Hun:
(Offensive Slang) a German
plod:
to walk slowly with heavy steps
Our horses plodded down the muddy track.

4. Part2 (Para. 8)
swarm:
A large number of (insects, moving together in the same direction)
crawl:
move slowly by hands or knees
She crawled under the fence.
the German soldiers------locusts
common---:the spreading of destruction.

5. Part2 (Para. 8) His eyes were smarting from the smoke.
(6)I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.
smart(v):
feel pain
His eyes were smarting from the smoke.
Many a followed by a singular noun or pronoun
many followed by the corresponding plural.
prey?

6. Part2 (Para. 9) glare: hostile, fierce looks, or hatred
(7)  Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of villainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind...
glare:
hostile, fierce looks, or hatred
a very bright, unpleasant light
storm:
fighting, war

7. Villainous
villain (main bad character in a story)
launch this cataract of horrors:
let off a flood of horrors
Behind all this hostility and fighting I see that small group of wicked men who make the world suffer untold miseries and unparalleled disasters.

8. 在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行
在这番嚣张气焰的背后，在这场突然袭击的背后，我看到了那一小撮策划、组织并向人类发动这场恐怖战争的恶棍。

9. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
I have to declare the decision….
We will…..we will…..
We shall… we shall… we shall…
Any man or state…..any man or state…
That I our policy and that is our declaration
We shall…we shall… we shall…

10. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
I feel sure…:
The Dominions 
They were the nations which in the past were part of the British Empire but which had their own government.
in due course:
at the right time
concur:
agree

11. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
Churchill does not declare the decision in the name of the Dominions
If Churchill wants to declare war in their names, he has to consult them beforehand.

12. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
We have but one aim and one single irrevocable purpose.
repetition
irrevocable:
that cannot be changed
revoke(cancle)
We hereby revoke the agreement of January 1 st 1982.

13. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime:
determined
vestige:
a small part of something that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing ?
showing his determination

14. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
From this nothing will turn us. Nothing.
Inversion: repetition
There is nothing which can divert our attention.
We will never parley； we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.
repetition
parley:
discussion of terms for armistice
gang:
A group of criminals

15. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
until，with God's help we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its people from his yoke.
rid …(of)… :
to remove something(causing problem).
E.g. We will need to take further measures to rid our streets of crime.
shadow:
the very strong influence
yoke:
control
to free the world from Hitler’s domination and to liberate all peoples from his control

16. Part 2 (Para. 10) the British government’s policy
We shall appeal to all our friends and Allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it as we shall, faithfully and steadfastly to the end. 
Course :
the general direction in which someone's ideas or actions are moving
E.g. The president appears likely to change course on some key issues.
steadfastly:
not changing in your attitudes or aims
E.g. He remained steadfast in his determination to bring the killers to justice

17. Part 2 (Para. 11) the British government’s policy
British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations
The United States
If ………he is woefully mistaken.
We shall be ……we shall be……

18. Part 2 (Para. 11) the British government’s policy
without distinction of race, creed, or party:
nationality
religious belief
political party

19. Part 2 (Para. 11) the British government’s policy
If Hitler imagines… woefully mistaken:
divergence: ---diverge
the action of going out in different directions
slacken:
to become less tight
e.g. He slackened the ropes slightly.
woeful
(formal) Very sad
woeful tales of broken romances ?

20. Periodic sentence To achieve forcefulness by suspense.
The essential elements in the sentence are withheld until the end.

21. Years and years ago, when I was a boy, when there were wolves in Wales, and birds the color of red-flannel petticoats whisked past the harp-shaped hills, when we sang and wallowed all night and day in caves that smelt like Sunday afternoons in damp front farmhouse parlors, and we chased, with the jawbones of deacons, the English and the bears, before the motor car, before the wheel, before the duchess-faced horse, when we rode the daft and happy hills bareback, it snowed and it snowed.

22. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

23. Part 2 (Para. 11) the British government’s policy
On the contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescue mankind from his tyranny.
fortify:
to make sb. feel stronger, braver, energetic.
E.g. Although fortified by her election success, the new governor remains cautious in her policies.
tyranny:
unfair or cruel use of power or authority

24. Part 2 (Para. 11) the British government’s policy
We shall be strengthened and not weakened in our determination and in our resources:
resources:
(pl.) supply
determination
resources

25. What does this paragraph talk about? (Para. 12)
This is no time to moralize……
But when I spoke a few minutes ago of ……there was one deeper motive….
He wishes ……
His invasion of Russia is ……
He hopes, no doubt, that ……
He hopes that ……

26. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
Moralis(z)e: (on/about)
to tell other people what is right and wrong
follies:
foolishness
To be struck down:
to be defeated
Catastrophe:
sudden great disaster or calamity

27. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
But, when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitler’s blood-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure,  I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage.
blood-lust:
strong evil desire for killing
impel:
(idea, feeling) push (sb.) forward
outrage:
act of extreme violence

28. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his army and air force from the East and hurl it upon this island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes:
bring back:
withdraw
hurl:
to throw something violently
suffer the penalty of his crimes:
be destroyed for the crimes he (Hitler) has committed

29. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
His invasion of Russia is no more than a prelude to an attempted invasion of the British Isles:
prelude
To pave the way for
Churchill?

30. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
He hopes, no doubt, that all this may be accomplished before the Winter comes and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the fleets and air power of the United States will intervene.
All this
his Russian campaign
overwhelm
crush, conquer

31. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
Intervene
interfere
I wish my mother would stop ______ and let me make my own decisions.
The President ______ personally in the crisis.

32. Reasons analysis (Para. 12)
He hopes that he may once again repeat upon a greater scale than ever before that process of destroying his enemies one by one, by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain, namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system. 

33. by which he has so long thrived and prospered:
He has so far been very successful in employing this tactic.伎俩
the scene will be clear for the final act…:
the stage will be ready for the final act
他指望更大规模地重演故伎，各个击破。他一直是凭借这种伎俩得逞的。那时，他就可以为最后行动清除障碍了，也就是说，他就要迫使西半球屈服于他的意志和他的制度了，而如果做不到这一点，他的一切征服都将落空。

34. his calling on the friends and allies to unit and fight together (Para
The Russia danger is …….just as the cause of Russia ..is the cause of ……
Let’s …… Let’s ……

35. his calling on the friends and allies to unit and fight together (Para
hearth and home:
(poetic) home and its comforts,家园 (Allitaration)
Let us learn…:
Lessons and cruel experience
“United we stand, divided we fall.”
Hitler had been successful because many European governments had allowed themselves to be struck down one by one. This time we should all support the Soviet Union and shouldn’t let Hitler repeat his tactics.

36. his calling on the friends and allies to unit and fight together (Para
Let us redouble…remain:
exertion
physical or mental effort
Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.

37. 因此，俄国的危险就是我国的危险，就是美国的危险；俄国人民为保卫家园而战的事业就是世界各地自由人民和自由民族的事业。 让我们从如此残酷的经验中吸取教训吧！在这生命尚存，力量还在之际，让我们加倍努力，团结一心打击敌人吧！