1. DISASTER EMERGENCY RESPONSE A PILLAR OF DISASTER RESILIENCE A Focus on Evacuations
More Supercourse lectures on Disasters -
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. The Timely And Intelligent Concentration of a City’s Resources to Meet Extremely Urgent Needs During the Initial Hours, Days, and Weeks After a Natural Hazard Strikes

3. AN INTELLIGENT CITY KNOWS WHAT IS HAPPENING AND WHAT TO DO WHEN PEOPLE, BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ARE THREATENED

4. FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCE
NATURAL HAZARDS
INVENTORY
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
PREPAREDNESS
PROTECTION
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
RECOVERY IENCE
FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCE
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

5. DISASTER RESILIENCE REQUIRES PUBLIC POLICIES THAT INTEGRATE RESEARCH, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES ON THE FOUR PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE WITH THE CITY’S POLITICAL PROCESS

6. A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN A CITY’S PUBLIC POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BECOME …
UN—PREPARED
UN—PROTECTED
UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY
NON—RESILIENT IN THE RECOVERY PHASE

7. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT CREATED AN URGENT NEED FOR EMERGENCY EVACUATIONS

8. CAUSES OF DAMAGE/DISASTER
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE FAULTING )
IRREGULARITIES IN MASS, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS
EARTHQUAKES
CASE HISTORIES
FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP AND SEICHE
POOR DETAILING OF STRUCTURALSYSTEM
FAILURE OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

9. FLOODS CAUSES OF DAMAGE AND DISASTER
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
FLOODS
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
CASE HISTORIES
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER

10. CHINA, 2008: SISCHUAN EARTHQUAKE CREATED EMERGENCY FLOODING SITUATIONS

11. SISCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN CHINA
Magnitude 7.9
2:28 PM, MAY 12, 2008

12. WHEN THE “EARTHQUAKE LAKES” FORMED IN THE HOURS AND DAYS, AFTER, THE MAY 12TH SISCHUAN EARTHQUAKE, THE NEED FOR EMERGENCY EVACUATIONS BECAME URGENT

13. “EARTHQUAKE LAKES” REPRESENTED A COMPLEX EMERGENCY COMBINING ELEMENTS OF RISK FROM: 1) A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE 2) LANDSLIDES 3) FLOODING FROM FAILURE OF “QUAKE LAKES,” CRACKED DAMS, AND 4) FLOODING FROM SEASONAL RAINS

14. THIS COMPLEX EMERGENCY HAD FAR- REACHING IMPACTS FOR 15 DAYS
Forty-four of the counties and districts of Sishuan Province and one-half of its 20 million people were directly or indirectly affected.

15. WHAT HAPPENED?
In less than 1 month, more than 1.2 million people were forced to flee their homes across nine provinces (including Sichuan), because of the landslides, “quake lakes,” and flooding threat.

17. CRACKS IN ZIPINGPU DAM: 1 OF 341 WEAKENED DAMS

18. ONE OF 69 "QUAKE LAKES": BEI HE RIVER DAMMED BY LANDSLIDE DEBRIS

19. TANGJIASHAN, LARGEST OF 69 "QUAKE LAKES"

20. DAY 4: FRIDAY,MAY 16, 2008
The Chinese Government increased the number of soldiers to 130,000
Large magnitude aftershocks caused additional landslides that contributed to formation of “quake lakes.”

21. DAY 5: SATURDAY 17, 2008
Survivors in the epicentral area were evacuated and/or encouraged to leave any way they could to escape perceived threats of more landslides and major flooding from the Min and other rivers.

22. EVACUATING LANDSLIDE AREAS

23. EVACUATIONS TO ESCAPE FLOODING THREAT

24. Continuing rainfall exacerbated the threat.
DAYS 14-17: RISK REDUCTION FOR THE 69 "QUAKE LAKES" BECAME A TOP PRIORITY
Sixty-nine “Quake Lakes” created in mountainous areas by the debris from landslides appeared ready to burst their banks.
Continuing rainfall exacerbated the threat.

25. RISING WATER IN TANGJIASHAN CAUSED CONCERN

26. BEICHUAN: 3.3 KM (2 MI) DOWN-STREAM FROM A "QUAKE LAKE"

27. QUAKE-STRICKEN SICHUAN PROVINCE: NOW AT HIGHER RISK FROM FLOODING

28. DAYS 14-17: GOVERNMENT ASSIGNS TOP PROIORITY FOR THE TASK
Prime Minister told ministers that alleviating the risk of flooding from the quake lakes was “the most pressing task” for the government and allocated $ 28 million to do it.

29. QUAKE-STRICKEN SICHUAN PROVINCE NOW FACING SEASONAL FLOODS
JUNE 15, 2008

30. SOLDIERS REPAIRING CRACKS IN ZIPINGPU DAM:DUJIANGYAN

31. CHANGING RIVER GRADIENTS AND GREATING DIVERSION CHANNELS

32. THIRTY GIANT EARTHMOVERS FLOWN IN TO QUAKE LAKES

33. GOAL: CREATE A DIVERSION CHANNEL IN FIVE DAYS OR LESS

34. DAYS 14-17: GOVERNMENT PLANS EVACUATIONS TO REDUCE RISK
Knowing that the rock-and-mud embankments of the “quake lakes” will eventually fail, authorities announced plans to evacuate more than a million people.

35. DAYS 14-17: EVACUATION IS A MAJOR CHALLENGE!
Considering the locations of the 69 quake lakes and the people at risk, evacuation will have to be accomplished within one to four hours.

36. DAYS 14-17: EVACUATION WINDOW
One to four hours is the time for the wall of water to reach and inundate scores of cities and rural villages, which are already devastated from the earthquake.

37. DIVERSION WAS SUCCESSFUL

38. KEY ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Communication
Evacuation
Mass Care
Search and Rescue

39. KEY ELEMENTS OF INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergency Medical
Emergency Transportation
Local, Regional, and International Assistance