1. The management of palatally displaced maxillary canines: Considerations and challenges 
Elliott M. Moskowitz, DDS, MSd, Ronniette C. Garcia, DDS 
Seminars in Orthodontics 
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages (March 2014)
DOI: /j.sodo
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2. Figure 1
The advancing ectopic left maxillary canine has already caused resorption of the maxillary lateral incisor root.
Seminars in Orthodontics  , 46-58DOI: ( /j.sodo )
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3. Figure 2
An insufficient dental arch length frequently results in buccal displacement of maxillary canines.
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4. Figure 3
An intraoral view of an 11-year-old male with a seemingly unremarkable mixed dentition occlusion. However, palpation could not detect a “canine bulge.”
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5. Figure 4
A panoramic radiograph detecting bilateral pre-eruptive ectopic maxillary canines.
Seminars in Orthodontics  , 46-58DOI: ( /j.sodo )
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6. Figure 5
A significant improvement of maxillary canines during Phase I orthodontic treatment.
Seminars in Orthodontics  , 46-58DOI: ( /j.sodo )
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7. Figure 6
The maxillary canines have erupted into the dental arch following limited Phase I orthodontic treatment.
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8. Figure 7
A cephalometric radiograph showing a different perspective of an impacted maxillary canine, confirming the horizontal position and one where the incisal tip is oriented anteriorly.
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9. Figure 8
A panoramic radiograph of a16-year-old male with an impacted maxillary right permanent canine.
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10. Figure 9
Subtracted CBCT views of the patient shown in Fig. 8 more precisely locate the actual spatial relationship of the impacted maxillary right canine tooth.
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11. Figure 10
An image obtained at the time of surgical exposure and orthodontic attachment placement (of the patient in Figs. 8 and 9) showing the precise location of the impacted maxillary right canine.
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12. Figure 11
The angular relationship of the ectopic canine long axis to the midline and sector allocation used to determine the degree of severity of the ectopia.
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13. Figure 12
Ectopically developing maxillary and mandibular canines in a female patient aged 10.5 years.
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14. Figure 13
A panoramic radiograph of the patient shown in Fig. 12, 27 months after the initial radiograph had been taken. The canines had erupted normally, the patient having received no treatment.
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15. Figure 14
An intraoral view of a 10-year-old patient with excessive spacing in the mixed dentition.
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16. Figure 15
A panoramic view of a patient showing bilateral maxillary permanent left and right canine ectopia.
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17. Figure 16
A panoramic view of the patient illustrated in Fig. 15 exactly 1 year after the initial examination. There is advancing ectopia and eventual frank impaction requiring surgical exposures and orthodontic traction.
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18. Figure 17
A patient, 11 years of age, with a relatively unremarkable mixed dentition occlusion.
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19. Figure 18
The panoramic radiograph of the patient illustrated in Fig. 17 reveals a severely ectopic maxillary right canine, suggesting a poor prognosis for conservative interceptive treatment.
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20. Figure 19
A panoramic view of the patient (Figs. 17 and 18) at an interim stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment showing spontaneous successful eruption of the maxillary canines.
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21. Figure 20
Intraoral views of the patient at the same time point as Fig. 19, showing the maxillary canines erupted into the dental arch.
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