1. Matter and Measurement

2. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom: The smallest possible unit of matter that still maintains an element's identity during chemical reactions
Molecule: two or more atoms bonded together with a covalent bond
If all the atoms bonded together are of the same type the molecule formed is still an element
If different types of atoms are bonded together, then the molecule formed is a compound.

3. Molecules of compounds
Molecule of an element
Figure: 01-01

4. Phases of Matter

5. Pure substances – Mixtures Elements - all the same type of atom.
Compounds - substances made from two or more different kinds of atoms. (follows law of constant composition – H2O)
Mixtures
Homogeneous - same throughout with identical properties everywhere in the mixture. This type of mixture is called a solution
Heterogeneous – two or three phases

6. Figure 1.9 pg 9
Figure: 01-09

8. Types of Changes
A chemical change does produce a new substance (irreversible)
A physical change does not produce a new substance (reversible)

9. Separation of Mixtures
Filtration
Distillation
Chromatography

10. SI Base Units Physical Quantity Name of Unit Symbol length meter m
mass
kilogram kg
time
second s
temperature
kelvin K
electric current
ampere D
amount of substance
mole
mol
luminous intensity
candela cd

11. Temperature Changes Celsius to Kelvin Kelvin to Celsius
[°C] = [K] − 273.15
[K] = [°C] + 273.15
Fahrenheit to Celsius
Celsius to Fahrenheit
[°F] = [°C] × 9⁄5 + 32
[°C] = ([°F] − 32) × 5⁄9

12. Figure 1.18 pg 15
Figure: 01-18

13. Density = mass (m) = g/mL volume(v)
 Formal definition of density is mass per unit volume
 Density =
 mass (m) =
  g/mL
  volume(v)
Accuracy refers to how closely a measured value agrees with the correct value.
Precision refers to how closely individual measurements agree with each other.
Precise not accurate
Accurate and precise

14. Significant Figures
Non-zero numbers are always significant.
Zeros between non-zero numbers are always significant.
Zeros before the first non-zero digit are not significant. (Example: has one significant figure.)
Zeros at the end of the number after a decimal place are significant.
Zeros at the end of a number before a decimal place are ambiguous (e.g. 10,300 g).