1. Cycles of matter

2. How much do you know?
How much do you know about biogeochemical cycles and the impact that humans have on these cycles?
Can you provide any examples of human activities that result in the alteration of the water or nutrient cycles?

3. What types of processes are occurring in each of these pictures
What types of processes are occurring in each of these pictures? Which are natural? Which are man-made?

4. Recycling in the biosphere
Matter is recycled within & between ecosystems
Biological systems don’t use up matter, they transform it

5. The Water Cycle All living things require water to survive
Where does water come from?
-Moves between ocean, atmosphere, & land

6. Evaporation -Water changes from liquid to gas
Transpiration -Water evaporates from the leaves into the atmosphere.
Condensation - Water vapor (gas) turns into liquid water forming clouds.
Precipitation -Water droplets become large enough to fall to Earth
-Rain, snow, sleet, or hail
Surface Runoff - Rain, snow, that flows
into streams, rivers, or canals.

7. Water Cycle Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration
Run off
Seepage
Root uptake

9. Nutrient cycle
Nutrients- all chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life
Every organism needs nutrient to build tissues and carry out essential life functions
AKA Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus cycles

10. Carbon Cycle Carbon is a key ingredient of living tissue
CO2 (Carbon dioxide)
Given off by plants & animals during respiration
Makes up atmosphere
Released into atmosphere by volcanic activity, burning fossil fuels and vegetation
Decomposition of organic matter
Taken in by plants in photosynthesis

11. More info 4 main processes move Carbon through the cycle
1. Biological- photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition
2. Geochemical – Erosion & volcanic activity
3. Mixed biogeochemical- burial & decompostion
4. Human Activities-mining, cutting & burning forest, burning fossil fuels

12. CO2 in atmosphere
Carbon Cycle
CO2 in ocean

13. Increased CO2 & the Greenhouse Effect

14. Nitrogen cycle
All organisms require Nitrogen to make amino acids (which are used to make proteins)
N2 makes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere
Humans add Nitrogen thru Nitrate (fertilizers)
Found in waste –
-Ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3-),
& nitrite ions(NO2-)

15. More on Nitrogen Cycle
Only certain types of bacteria can use nitrogen gas directly
They are found in soil and on roots of plants called legumes (“magical fruit”)
They convert it to ammonia through Nitrogen Fixation
Other bacteria convert ammonia into nitrates & nitrites
Producers use it to make proteins
Consumers eat producers and reuse
nitrogen to make proteins

16. DEATH!!!
When organism die, decomposers return nitrogen to soil as ammonia
Ammonia taken up by producers (again)
Denitrification -other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas. Releases nitrogen into atmosphere.

17. Simplified Nitrogen Cycle
Organic wastes(from plants and animals) add nitrogen to the soil.
Bacteria in the soil convert the nitrogen into forms plants can use.
Plants use nitrogen in the soil to grow, develop, and produce seeds.
Plants are eaten by animals and people. The organic waste (which contains nitrogen) is returned to the soil again.