1. The Civil War

2. Union and Confederate Resources
Union Advantages
Confederate Advantages
Population
Industry supported manufacturing
Larger railroad network
Strong leader in Lincoln
Well-organized navy
Set up a blockade
Fighting for their survival: slavery
Strong military leaders like Robert E. Lee
War was fought mainly in the South
Familiar territory and supplies are closer

3. Union and Confederate Strategies
Confederacy
Keep loyal slave states from seceding by not abolishing slavery
The Anaconda Plan:
Devised by Winfield Scott
Blockade southern ports
Control the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in half
This would squeeze the life out of the Confederacy
Tire the Union
Gain support of Britain and France
Needed cotton from the South
Never got their help

5. Early Battles of the War
Bull Run/Manassas: victory for the Confederacy under Stonewall Jackson
Shocked the North
Union had to replace the Union General with McClellan and he is later replaced because he failed to capture Richmond (capitol of Confederacy)
Battle of Shiloh: an unsuccessful Union attempt to gain control of the Mississippi River
The Monitor vs. The Virginia: both were plated with iron (ironclad)
No clear victor but wooden ships are a thing of the past

7. African Americans What should the Union do with slaves?
Free them?...Lincoln’s suggestion but must wait until a Union victory…Antietam
Put them to work?
Given the worst jobs
Emancipation Proclamation: freed all slaves in states that were still rebelling on Jan 1, 1863
Did not apply to loyal slave states
Lincoln hoped it would lead to Southern states surrendering
Southerners see there will be no negotiations
Gives the war a moral cause

8. Antietam The victory necessary for Lincoln to proclaim emancipation
Union General had General Lee’s military plan
The bloodiest single day of the Civil War
Lee retreats but loses less soldiers

9. African Americans Fight Bravely
Union started to recruit freed slaves…fighting for their freedom
Gain respect from white men
Sometimes given tedious tasks
If captured by the Confederacy they would be killed
Southern slaves help Union troops as they pass through
Food
Spies
Scouts

11. Homefront Could not deal with the economic hardships Confederacy Union
Lacked the resources to support troops…mainly shoes
Blockade runners were no longer successful
Stopped harvesting cotton and went to food crops to feed troops
Seized/stole Union goods when able
Confederate money is worthless
Could not deal with the economic hardships
Drop in cotton cultivation hurt industry
Income taxes
Western lands sold extremely cheap
Union started a draft that led to Draft Riots
Copperheads condemned Lincoln for war actions and wanted the war to stop
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus (holding someone in jail without charging them) to deal with draft dodgers

12. Soldiers Life Half of Union men fought 4 out of 5 Southern men fought
Brother s might fight brothers
Boring and monotonous
Injuries usually led to amputation
Malnutrition was always a problem

13. Women and the War “Angels of the Battlefield”
Filled the jobs of men while they fought the war
Led to women entering professions that had been off limits
Most women were nurses
Clara Barton will later form the American Red Cross
Start to consider sanitation
“Angels of the Battlefield”