1. Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem
Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids

2. Ecosystems
An ecosystem consists of all the living things and nonliving things in an given area.

3. Factors within an Ecosystem
Factors may be biotic or abiotic.
Biotic factors are the living things in an ecosystem such as bacteria, fungi, protists, plants, and animals.
Abiotic factors are the nonliving things in an ecosystem, such as sunlight, water, minerals, and oxygen.

4. Ecology
Ecology is the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
A scientist who
studies ecology is considered
to be an ecologist.

5. 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2
Begins with the SUN
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2

6. The chemical reaction by which green plants use water and carbon dioxide and light from the sun to make glucose.
ENERGY is stored in glucose; glucose is stored as starch.

7. Niche
An organism’s role in its environment is called its niche.

8. Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS.

9. Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves.

10. Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy they need to live.

11. 6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose.

12. The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy.

13. Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS.

14. Consumers that eat producers to get energy:
Are first order or primary consumers
Are herbivores (plant-eaters)

15. Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer.

16. Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat.

17. Some energy in the primary consumer is not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer.

18. A consumer that eats another consumer for energy:
Is called a secondary or second order consumer
May be a carnivore
May be a predator
May be a scavenger

19. Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer.

20. Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer.

21. A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer:
Is called a third order or tertiary consumer
May be a carnivore
May be a predator
May be a scavenger

22. Consumers that eat producers & other consumers
Are called omnivores
Omnivores eat plants and animals

23. Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators
Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators. They animals that are hunted & killed are called prey.

24. Consumers that eat other consumers that have already died are called scavengers.

25. The transfer of energy from sun to producer to primary consumer to secondary consumer to tertiary consumer can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN.

26. Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the ENERGY PYRAMID.

27. Energy pyramids show
That the amount of available energy decreases down the food chain
It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers
It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers

29. Food Webs: Are interconnected food chains
They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem