1. EUROPEAN UNION CITIZENSHIP
UNIT 21

2. I Answer the following questions:
What does it mean to be a European Union citizen?
What did ordinary people gain by the accession to the EU?
Can citizens of any EU member state vote in elections for the European Parliament?

3. Citizens of the EU
European citizenship was introduced as a concept in EU law by the Treaty of Maastricht (1992).

4. Citizens of the EU
Every person holding the nationality of a Member State of the European Union is also automatically a citizen of the EU.
This European citizenship does not replace national citizenship and it is for each EU country to lay down the conditions for the acquisition and loss of nationality of that country
Citizenship of the Union is conferred directly on every EU citizen by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU)

5. Rights conferred by the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU):
. to non-discrimination on the basis of nationality when the Treaty applies
to move and reside freely within the EU
to vote for and stand as a candidate in European Parliament and municipal elections
to be protected by the diplomatic and consular authorities of any other EU country
to petition the European Parliament and complain to the European Ombudsman
to contact and receive a response from any EU institution in one of the EU's official languages
to access European Parliament, European Commission and European Council documents under certain conditions.

6. EU citizenship
These rights can be enforced at the national and European levels.
EU citizenship is regularly taken into consideration in the judgments of the Court of the Justice of the EU.

7. The European Civil Service
EU citizens also have the right to equal access to the EU Civil Service.
The European Civil Service is a generic term applied to all staff serving the institutions and agencies of the EU, including but not restricted to the European Commission, the Council of the EU, the European Council and the European Parliament.

8. The Citizens’ Initiative
The Lisbon Treaty introduced a new form of public participation for European citizens, the Citizens' Initiative.
This allows one million citizens who are nationals of a significant number of EU countries to call directly on the European Commission to bring forward an initiative of interest to them within the framework of its powers.
A citizens' initiative is possible in any field where the Commission has the power to propose legislation, for example environment, agriculture, transport or public health.

9. II Read the text and answer the following questions:
When was European citizenship introduced as a concept?
By which Treaty is the citizenship of the Union conferred directly on every EU citizen?
Which rights do EU citizens enjoy?
Who can EU citizens complain to?
What is the Citizens’ Initiative?
How can these rights be enforced?

10. III Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)
III Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If false, provide the correct information.
Statement T F
European citizenship replaces national citizenship.
Every person holding the nationality of a Member State of the European Union is automatically a citizen of the European Union.
Every EU citizen can stand as a candidate in European Parliament and municipal elections.
EU citizenship is not taken into consideration in the judgments of the Court of the Justice of the EU.

11. IV Supply the missing prepositions in the following phrases:
a citizen ____ the EU
conditions ____ the acquisition or loss ____ nationality
EU citizenship is conferred directly ____ every EU citizen
EU citizens have the right to move and reside freely _____ the EU
the right to stand ____ a candidate in European Parliament elections
to be protected ____ the diplomatic and consular authorities of any EU country
to receive a response ______ any EU institution
to access documents _____ certain conditions

12. V Match the adjectives in the left column with the nouns in the right column:
constitutional
elections
fundamental
authorities
general
language
legal
access
diplomatic
rights
municipal
instruments
official
traditions
equal
principles

13. I Answer the following questions:
1. Which treaty established EU citizenship?
2. What rights are conferred on EU citizens?
3. Where was the Treaty concluded?

14. From The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU
Article 20
1. Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national citizenship.

15. From The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU
2. Citizens of the Union shall enjoy the rights and be subject to the duties provided for in the Treaties. They shall have, inter alia:
(a) the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States;
(b) the right to vote and to stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and in municipal elections in their Member State of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that State;

16. From The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU
(c) the right to enjoy, in the territory of a third country in which the Member State of which they are nationals is not represented, the protection of the diplomatic and consular authorities of any Member State on the same conditions as the nationals of that State;
(d) the right to petition the European Parliament, to apply to the European Ombudsman, and to address the institutions and advisory bodies of the Union in any of the Treaty languages and to obtain a reply in the same language.
These rights shall be exercised in accordance with the conditions and limits defined by the Treaties and by the measures adopted thereunder.

17. Article 21
1. Every citizen of the Union shall have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States, subject to the limitations and conditions laid down in the Treaties and by the measures adopted to give them effect.
2. If action by the Union should prove necessary to attain this objective and the Treaties have not provided the necessary powers, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, may adopt provisions with a view to facilitating the exercise of the rights referred to in paragraph 1.

18. Article 21
3. For the same purposes as those referred to in paragraph 1 and if the Treaties have not provided the necessary powers, the Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure, may adopt measures concerning social security or social protection. The Council shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.

19. Article 22
1. Every citizen of the Union residing in a Member State of which he is not a national shall have the right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections in the Member State in which he resides, under the same conditions as nationals of that State. This right shall be exercised subject to detailed arrangements adopted by the Council, acting unanimously in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European Parliament; these arrangements may provide for derogations where warranted by problems specific to a Member State.

20. Article 22
2. Without prejudice to Article 223(1) and to the provisions adopted for its implementation, every citizen of the Union residing in a Member State of which he is not a national shall have the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in elections to the European Parliament in the Member State in which he resides, under the same conditions as nationals of that State. This right shall be exercised subject to detailed arrangements adopted by the Council, acting unanimously in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European Parliament; these arrangements may provide for derogations where warranted by problems specific to a Member State.

21. Article 23
Every citizen of the Union shall, in the territory of a third country in which the Member State of which he is a national is not represented, be entitled to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of any Member State, on the same conditions as the nationals of that State. Member States shall adopt the necessary provisions and start the international negotiations required to secure this protection.

22. Article 23
The Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure and after consulting the European Parliament, may adopt directives establishing the coordination and cooperation measures necessary to facilitate such protection.

23. Provide the terms matching the following definitions
the state of being a member of a particular country and having rights because of it:
citizenship
To grant (a title, degree, benefit, or right).
Confer
have one's permanent home in a particular place
reside

24. Provide the terms matching the following definitions
relating to a town or district or its governing body.
Municipal
an official appointed to investigate individuals' complaints against a company or organization, especially a public authority.
Ombudsman
an exemption from or relaxation of a rule or law.
derogation

25. Complete the text with the verbs:petition, reside, obtain, apply, stand, address
Some of the rights enjoyed by every citizen of the Union include the right to move and __________ freely within the territory of the Member States, the right to vote and ____________ as candidate in elections to the European Parliament, the right to ___________ the European Parliament, the right to _______________ to and ______________ the institutions and advisory bodies of the Union in any of the Treaty languages and to _______________ a reply in the same language.

26. III Match the verbs in the left column with the nouns in the right column
exercise
negotiations
address
objectives
stand as
a reply
hold
directives
obtain
the rights
petition
nationality
adopt
a candidate
attain
the institutions
secure
the European Parliament
start
protection

27. IV Complete the text with a correct preposition: in, of, on, to
Every citizen ___ the Union shall have the right ____ enjoy, ___ the territory ___ a third country ___ which the Member State ____ which they are nationals is not represented, the protection ___ the diplomatic and consular authorities ___ any Member State ____ the same conditions as the nationals of that State.

28. Match the terms with their definitions and find their Croatian equivalents:  
1. unanimously
without affecting any other legal matter
2. facilitate
justify
3. derogation
in accordance with the thing mentioned
4. without prejudice to
the partial taking away of the effectiveness of a law
5. thereunder
with the agreement of all involved
6. warrant
make easier

29. Croatian equivalents:
unanimously
facilitate
derogation
without prejudice to
thereunder
warrant

30. Fill in the missing prepositions:as, down, forward, on, to, under
Lay _________ the conditions
The rights are conferred________every EU citizen
Stand ________a candidate in electionsto
to access documents ____________certain conditions
Right _____equal access to the EU Civil Service
The term is applied _________all staff
Bring _________an initiative

31. Translate the following sentences into Croatian:
. The Council shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.__________________
These arrangements may provide for derogations where warranted by problems specific to a Member State___________
These rights shall be exercised in accordance with the conditions and limits defined by the Treaties and by the measures adopted thereunder._________________