1. New discoveries and developments in the Gibraltar record.
Dennis Wheeler
University of Sunderland, UK

2. Instrumental observations began in 1790 under the auspices of the Royal Engineers and have continued to the present day, but with changes of site, exposure and instrumentation
Gibraltar
36º 8`N 5° 26`W

4. The Gibraltar Chronicle
(published daily data from July 1821 to December 1936)

6. Approximated temperature series for Gibraltar (1821 to present with ten year Gaussian filter)

7. Extending the record back beyond 1820: newly-discovered diaries.
Kept by the staff of successive Lieutenant Governers and cover the following periods.

8. May 1777 – March t, w & w
March 1778 – Nov t, w & w
Dec 1778 – June t, w & w
April 1781 – Dec w & w
Jan 1782 – June w & w
July 1786 – Dec w & w
May 1787 – Dec w & w
Jan 1791 – March w & w
Nov 1792 – Dec w & w
May 1794 – May w & w
Sept 1806 – March t, w & w
April 1808 – April t, w & w
May 1809 – Sept t, w & w
t = temperatures (deg.F), w & w = wind direction, force and weather (rain, thunder etc.)

11. Extending the record back beyond 1820: Royal Navy logbooks
Logbook of HMS Portsmouth from 1694 (when sailing south off the coast of Alicante)
 (Monday) These 24: hours had fair Weather and Wind unsettled with Lightning in the night in the Eastern Board….