1. Classification Summaries
Use the answer keys to make corrections or additions to the summaries you have completed. Keep the summaries in your IB notebook under the Evolution tab.

2. Reproductive structures
5.3.A2 Recognition features of bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.
Leaves, roots and stems
Vascular tissue
Reproductive structures
Bryophytes (mosses, hornworts and liverworts)
No roots, but structures similar to root hairs called rhizoids
Mosses have simple leaves and stems
Liverworts have a flattened thallus
None
Spores produced in capsules, which develop at the end of a stalk
Filicinophytes (ferns)
Roots present
Short non-woody stems.
Leaves usually divided into pairs of leaflets
Yes
Spores produced in sporangia on the underside of the leaves
Coniferophytes (conifer shrubs and trees)
Roots, present
Woody stems
Leaves usually narrow with a thick waxy cuticle
Seeds develop from ovules in female cones. Male cones produce pollen.
Angiospermophytes (flowering plants)
Leaves and roots variable in structure
Stems maybe woody (shrubs and trees)
Seeds develop from ovules in ovaries, inside flowers. Seeds are dispersed by fruits which develop from the ovaries.

3. 5.3.A3 Recognition features of porifera, cnidaria, platylhelmintha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda and chordata.
A summary of key features that can be used to distinguish between animal phyla
Symmetry
Segmentation
Digestive tract (mouth or anus)
Other features
porifera
(sponges)
None
No mouth or anus
Porous
attached to rocks
Filter feeder
cnidaria
(corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras)
Radial
Mouth but no anus
Stinging cells
Tentacles
platylhelmintha
(flatworms - flukes, tapeworms )
Bilateral
Flattened body
annelida
(earthworms, leeches)
Very segmented
Mouth and anus
bristles often present
Mollusca
(oyster, snails, octopus)
Non-visible segmentation
Most have shell made of CaCO3
Arthropoda
(insects - ant, scorpion, crab, spider)
Segmented
Exoskeleton
jointed appendages
Chordata
(fish, birds, mammals)
notochord
hollow dorsal nerve cord
(some have ) pharyngeal slits & muscular, postanal tail

4. 5.3.A3 Recognition features of porifera, cnidaria, platylhelmintha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda and chordata.
A summary of key features that can be used to distinguish between animal phyla
Symmetry
Segmentation
Digestive tract (mouth or anus)
Other features
porifera
(sponges)
None
No mouth or anus
Porous
attached to rocks
Filter feeder
cnidaria
(corals, jellyfish, sea anemones, hydras)
Radial
Mouth but no anus
Stinging cells
Tentacles
platylhelmintha
(flatworms - flukes, tapeworms )
Bilateral
Flattened body
annelida
(earthworms, leeches)
Very segmented
Mouth and anus
bristles often present
Mollusca
(oyster, snails, octopus)
Non-visible segmentation
Most have shell made of CaCO3
Arthropoda
(insects - ant, scorpion, crab, spider)
Segmented
Exoskeleton
jointed appendages
Chordata
(fish, birds, mammals)
notochord
hollow dorsal nerve cord
(some have ) pharyngeal slits & muscular, postanal tail