1. Management of Arch Hypoplasia After Successful Coarctation Repair
Maryann M DeLeon, MD, Serafin Y DeLeon, MD, Jose A Quinones, MD, Patrick T Roughneen, MD, Kathy E Magliato, MD, Dolores A Vitullo, MD, Frank Cetta, MD, Timothy J Bell, MD, Elizabeth A Fisher, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 4, Pages (April 1997)
DOI: /S (96)

2. Fig. 1
Arch angiogram of a 10-year-old girl who had a subclavian artery flap repair at 15 days of age. The entire arch is hypoplastic, with the narrowest segment (three arrows) proximal to the vertebral artery (two arrows).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

3. Fig. 2
(A) Arch angiogram of an 18-year-old male patient who had a patch aortoplasty at 3 years of age, followed by a left carotid–descending aorta bypass graft (black arrows) at 12 years of age for the treatment of distal arch hypoplasia. The entire arch is hypoplastic (white arrows). (B) Arch angiogram of a 15-year-old male patient who had a patch aortoplasty at 12 years of age. The entire arch is hypoplastic, with the narrowest segment proximal to the left subclavian artery (arrows).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

4. Fig. 3
Application of vascular clamps. (A) The dotted line shows the location and extent of the incision. (B) The polytetrafluoroethylene patch extends from the ascending aorta to the descending aorta.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )

5. Fig. 4
(A) Intraoperative photograph showing the accessibility and exposure of the ascending aorta (AAo), transverse arch (TA), and descending aorta (DA) through a median sternotomy. (B) Intraoperative photograph showing the polytetrafluoroethylene patch (PP) used for the arch enlargement.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )