1. SAMPLING

2. Point Sampling DescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Individual points chosen on a map (either random or grid reference) are sampled Distribution and some characteristics determined Distribution and some characteristics determined Time efficient Time efficient Disturbance minimised Disturbance minimised Species low in abundance may be missed

3. Transect Sampling DescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Line drawn across a map which is sampled Line: Species along rope or tape Belt: measured strip (1m etc across_ along transect To determine changes in community composition To determine changes in community compositionLine: Time efficient Time efficient Disturbance minimised Disturbance minimised Line: Species low in abundance may be missed

5. Quadrat Sampling DescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Quadrats placed (randomly or in grid pattern) in sample area Determining community composition; density; frequency; percentage cover Determining community composition; density; frequency; percentage cover Time consuming Time consuming Ideal for plants/immobile organism Ideal for plants/immobile organism Some disturbance Some disturbance Quadrat size must be appropriate Quadrat size must be appropriate

6. Mark and Recapture DescriptionAdvantagesDisadvantages Animals are captured, marked and then released. After time, population is resampled Determining total population density for highly mobile organisms Determining total population density for highly mobile organisms Movement can be tracked Movement can be tracked Time consuming Time consuming Not suitable for immobile Not suitable for immobile Minimal marking to reduce behaviour disturbance Minimal marking to reduce behaviour disturbance