1. Mobile Telephony Dr T.H. Chowdary * Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies * Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP * Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., Bombay T: +91 (40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121(R) F: +91 (40) 6667-1111 (O) hanuman.chowdary@tcs.com Talk @ Narayanamma Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 27th June 2009

2. THC_CTMS_ June 20092 Mobile Telephony Invented in Bell Labs in the 1980s NMT-400, NMT-960 AMPS – Advanced Mobile Phone Service ( to distinguish from walkie -talkie) UK had a different system – TACS GSM, EDGE,3G,4G Mobile Data-WIFI, WIMAX

3. THC_CTMS_ June 20093 Crucial Elements Radio Spectrum Allocation of channel to a talker Slicing up area into cells Each cell to have a set of channels Number depending upon talker density in the cell As density increases, cell size decreases & vice versa As mobile, moves from cell to cell, user must be handed over from one cell to next – computers do this by measuring signal strength. Encoding & Compression to squeeze more channels into a given spectrum.

4. THC_CTMS_ June 20094 GSM & CDMA TDMA for GSM Code division multiple access CDMA is more spectrum efficient i.e more channels in a given b/w India has both in use Some companies ( eg. Reliance) has both the systems in the same territory

5. THC_CTMS_ June 20095 Cell Phones Becoming smaller, lighter, long-lasting batteries, multi-functional (camera, radio, picture, Internet connecting, data & mail carrying ) multi-mode (GSM /CDMA ) multi-band! Prices falling & ($ 2000 in 1980s to $ 500 in 1992) Falling from Rs. 10/12 k in 1995 to Rs. 800 in Y 2009 fancy models Rs. 45k

6. THC_CTMS_ June 20096 PCI A X TSP Time (a) Affordability A PCI/ Tele-Service Price - PCI: Per Capita Income - TSP: Telephone Service Price - A: Affordability Why so fast growing

7. THC_CTMSS376_Feb'087 Affordability of Telephone 195119942007 Revenue/Line * at current exchange parity $ 125$250$125 Rev. as% of PCI2.51.00.12 Affordability PCI Tel. Svce.Price

8. THC_CTMS_ June 20098 How many World Population: 650 cr (Land) phones: 150 cr Cell phones: 350 cr China – 700; India-400; USA- 275 (mln) Many countries in EU, Japan, HK, Singapore have 120 to 190 phones for 100 people Prepaid > Post paid No names, but numbers!

9. THC_CTMS_ June 20099 INMARSAT Mobile services to ships, aircraft, deserts, marshes polar regions, forests

10. THC_CTMS_ June 200910 New Technologies WIFi WIMAX Spectrum – dehoarding from Defence services Number Portability 3G, 4G...

11. THC_CTMS_ June 200911 Affordability Adversely affected by Licence fees; Revenue Shares; Spectrum Auctions; Service Tax Reduce or put them to use to extend network Put Internet in all schools,colleges, libraries, hospitals and R&D to create Intellectual Property(IP) by Indians, for India in India. Infrastructure sharing – BTS towers Virtual Network Service Provides - Virgin Mobile

12. THC_CTMS_ June 200912 Cell-Phone or Hell Phone Etiquette Don't use in lifts, waiting rooms, buses, planes, trains, class-rooms, auditoria. Don't walk while talking, move to a corner. Don't speak loud Don't gesticulate

13. THC_CTMS_ June 200913 Realising the Vision (1/2) We will produce electricity so cheap that only the rich can afford to burn candles – Thomas Alva Edison We will make telephony cheaper than post-card. -Dhirubhai Ambani Haath Haath mein telephone Gaon Gaon mein Internet - Dr T.H.Chowdary

14. THC_CTMS_ June 200914 Realising the Vision (2/2) Numbers, not names Communicate for work; Commute for pleasure Death of Distance Postalisation of tariffs

15. THC_CTMS_ June 200915 Dhanyawad: Thank You Any Questions?