1. The Cell SPI

2. 2 main types Prokaryotes Smaller & simpler No nucleus Ex. bacteria
Eukaryotes
More complex
Nucleus
Ex. plants & animals

3. Nucleus Brain of cell; control center
Strands of chromatin (chromosomes) = DNA
Instructions for making proteins

4. Nucleolus: Darkened part in nucleus where ribosomes are made
Nuclear membrane: a.k.a. nuclear envelope; has pores; allows materials to move in and out of nucleus

5. Cytoskeleton Helps to maintain shape & allow movement
Microtubules- hollow tubes
Microfilaments- long thin fibers

7. Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Located in: rough Endoplasmic reticulum & in cytoplasm

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough: Where cell membrane is made
Proteins are modified
Smooth: no ribosomes; makes enzymes that do stuff (e.x. make lipids)

9. Golgi Apparatus

10. Where proteins go when they leave the rough e.r.
Enzymes attach carbohydrates & lipids to proteins
They “package” them and then send them away

11. Lysosomes

12. Small
Filled with enzymes
Break down food particles to be used
Break down old cell parts
“digestion”
A.k.a vessicles

13. Vacuoles

14. Storage
Water, salt, proteins & carbs
Small in animal cells; large in plant cells
Pressure within allows plants to stand upright

15. Mitochondria

16. “powerhouse”
Releases energy from stored food molecules
Energy is used for growth, development & movement
Contain some of their own DNA
Comes from mom!!!

17. Chloroplasts

18. Plant cells (not animal)
Use energy from the sun to make food
Photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll

20. Centrioles
Animal cells only
Microtubules
Involved in cell reproduction (mitosis)

21. Cytoplasm
jelly-like substance in between the organelles in a cell

22. Cell Membrane Cell wall Not found in animal cells
Selectively permeable to allow substances in an out of the cell.
All cells
Cell wall
Not found in animal cells