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Energy in the Atmosphere
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
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Heat Energy Is Transferred in the Atmosphere by:
Radiation Conduction Convection
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Radiatio Earth receives its energy from sun (electromagnetic radiation) Travels through empty space in waves
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Conduction Energy transferred by direct contact.
Air that touches warm ground or warm ocean is heated by conduction
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Energy flows through the aluminum bar from hot cup to cold cup (source to sink)
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Convection Occurs in a liquid or gas
Due to temperature and density differences. Convection circulates heat through the atmosphere
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Energy (Heat) Transfer
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INcoming Solar radiATION
INSOLATION INcoming Solar radiATION
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Insolation Energy is absorbed by atmosphere( 19%) and Earth(51%)
reflected or scattered back to space. (30%) Energy absorbed by Earth is re-radiated as infrared radiation
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Intensity of Insolation
Depends upon angle of insolation
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Angle of Insolation Depends upon: Time of day (most direct at noon)
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Latitude (most direct at equator)
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Time of year (more direct in summer, due to tilt of Earth’s axis)
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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Energy absorbed Incoming is Short wave
HEAT IS TRAPPED BY THE GLASS OF THE GREENHOUSE Incoming is Short wave (visible light) Outgoing is Longer wave (Infrared) Energy absorbed
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Greenhouse Effect Short wavelength (visible light) is absorbed
Re-radiated as longer wavelength (infrared - heat). Glass traps the infrared.
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What are the Greenhouse gases?
CO2 H20 VAPOR INFRARED METHANE GAS CH4
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CO2 absorbs infrared CO2 CO2 H20 VAPOR How does too much contribute to
Global warming? CO2 CO2 H20 VAPOR INFRARED METHANE GAS CH4 CO2 absorbs infrared
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Greenhouse Effect CO2, CH4 and H2O (greenhouse gases) absorb infrared that is re-radiated from Earth. They act like the glass in the greenhouse by trapping heat. Raising the global temperature.
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Global Warming
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Increase in Greenhouse Effect Leads to Global Warming
What human activities contribute to CO2 production and an increase in the greenhouse effect? Burning of fossil fuels Global deforestation
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If present trends continue possible effects may include
Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice caps; Increasing frequency and severity of storms and hurricanes; More frequent heat waves and droughts; and Relocation of major crop growing areas.
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Pave Paradise
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No, substances heat up at different rates due to their specific heat.
Absorbtion Do all surfaces absorb the same amount of insolation? No, substances heat up at different rates due to their specific heat.
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Does land or water heat up faster?
Specific Heats of Common Materials Land
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