1. Indus River Valley
Ancient India

3. Geography Located in modern day _____________________
Rich agricultural lands surrounded by highlands, _________________, deserts, and the ocean
Developed in the area known as the Indian ______________________

4. Indus River Valley
It was named after the city of _______________. Harappa and the city of ______________________-_____________ were important cities.
This ________________Valley “civilization” flourished around ________________-1000 BCE

5. Other River Civilizations Locations

6. Early Harappan-Ravi Phase 3300-2800 BCE
____________networks linked culture with related regional cultures and distant sources of _________ ________________
________________________crops included peas, sesame seeds, _________________and cotton.
Domestic _______________also used, such as the _____________ __________________

7. Middle Harappan-Integration Era 2600-1900 BCE
By 2500 BCE, communities had been turned into ___________________centers.
Over ______________cities and settlements have been found
____________________used to increase crop production and ____________brick structures.

8. Late Harappan 1700-1300 BCE ________________of human remains
The bones were stored in painted ___________________burial urns
______________________pottery, painted in black with shapes and designs with different surface treatments to the earlier period.
Expansion of settlements into the ______________
____________________became a main crop
Apparent breakdown of the widespread __________________of the Indus civilization, with materials such as _________________shells no longer used.

9. Natural Resources
The Indus Valley contained numerous ________________resources that were an important part of Harappan civilization.
Resources included:
Fresh __________________and timber
Materials such as _______________, silver, semi-precious __________________.

10. City Plans
Houses had ____________roofs and were just about __________________________
Each was built around a _____________________, with _______________________overlooking the courtyard.
The ______________________walls had no windows.
Each home had its own private drinking well and its own private _________________________.
Clay __________________led from the bathrooms to sewers located under the streets.
These ______________________drained into nearly rivers and streams.

11. Language
The Indus (or Harappan) people used a _________________________script.
Some 3500 examples of this script survive in __________________seals carved in _________________, in molded ___________________and faience amulets, in fragments of ____________________, and in a few other categories of inscribed objects.

12. Economy-Trade
The Harappan civilization was mainly ________________and based on ________________.
Inhabitants of the Indus valley traded with Mesopotamia, southern ________________, _____________________, and Persia for gold, __________________, copper, and turquoise.

13. Economy-Agriculture
_________________systems were used to take advantage of the ________________grounds along the Indus River.
_________________were built to control the river's annual ______________________.
Crops grown included _______________, barley, peas, ____________________, and sesame.
This civilization was the first to cultivate ___________________for the production of ________________.

14. Collapse of Harappan “Civilization”
The ________________________ period of the Harappan Civilization saw the collapse and disappearance of the urban phenomena in the South __________________.
The theme for this period is ______________________.
Architectural and ceramic forms changed along with the loss of ___________________, planned settlements, public _____________________, monumental __________________________ seaborne and exotic trade, seals, and weights.

15. Four Theories of Collapse
Three theories are based on ______________________factors: intense ______________________, decrease in precipitation, and the __________________of the Sarasvati River.
The fourth hypothesis is that of the _______________ Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
Fourth largely _______________________in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological _______________________.