1. AP U.S. GOPO September 10 and 11, 2015
What is Federalism?
AP U.S. GOPO
September 10 and 11, 2015

2. Federalism
Sharing of power between local, state and national government

3. Three Systems of Government
Unitary
Federal
Confederation
Strong Central
Government, states have few to no power,
Most common
government. (France , UK, and China)
Power is housed
in state
governments,
limited power
may be allocated
to central govern-
ment. (Articles
Of Confederation,
Supranational Org. )
Power is
shared between
state and national
government. Few
Countries have this
system. (Mexico,
Nigeria, Brazil)

4. State v. National Government
….and the winner is?

5. How did the National Government gain power?
Enumerated (expressed powers) powers specifically given in the Constitution of the U.S (ex: coining money, conductiong foreign relations
Implied powers (McCulloch v. Maryland, Supremacy Clause and Implied Powers)
Commerce Clause (all commerce production, renting, selling, buying, etc…that affects more than one state) or prohibits interstate travel Article 1 Sec. 8 “To regulate Commerce with Foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.”
Civil War
Racial Equality (Jim Crow South) Brown v. Board of Education

6. State Power Reserved Powers
10th Amendment – The powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Devolution Revolution- returning power back to the states (ex Welfare reform policy under Clinton, led by the Republican congress)

7. State to State Obligations in Federal System
Full Faith and Credit (ex. Marriage with exception Defense of Marriage Act)
Extradition (returning a criminal to the state in which they committed the crime)
Privileges and Immunities (ex. Fundamental rights received in state are available to people not from state, like police protection, welfare benefits. Exceptions may be out of state tuition at states colleges)
Interstate Compacts – interstate agencies that affect an entire region (ex. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission)

8. Fiscal Federalism
Categorical Grants money is allocated through a formula and subject to detailed federal conditions, generally matching funds(main source of federal aid)
a. Project Grant (NSF, NEH, building airports and highways)
b. Formula Grant (Medicaid, Child Nutrition (school lunches)
Block Grants – grants with few strings attached for prescribe activities (Welfare, Child care, Social Services
Federal Mandate - national government waves the carrot of money over the state to preempt law

9. Well it Depends: Who do you think? Why?
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