1. Bacteria

2. Eubacteria  (True Bacteria) Archaebacteria (Ancient)
A. 2 types:
Eubacteria  (True Bacteria)
Archaebacteria (Ancient)

3. No membrane bound organelles
B. Bacteria Features:
Microscopic
Prokaryotes
No Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles

4. More structures that all bacteria have:
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA

5. C. Bacteria Shapes Cocci  sphere Streptococci  chains of spheres
Staphylococci  clusters of spheres

6. More Shapes
Bacilli  Rod Shaped
Spirilla  Spiral or curly

7. Bacteria
Structures

8. D. Harsh conditions survived through:
Capsules  slime layers that help bacteria evade immune system
Endospores dormant structure

9. E. Movement: Flagella  long whiplike structure (few)
Cillia  short hair like structures (many)

10. F. Reproduction
1.)Binary Fission  asexual reproduction; bacteria duplicates into two
2.)Conjugation  sexual reproduction by using pili
Pili = hair like projections that help exchange DNA

11. 3.) Cultures When humans aid bacterial growth
Bacteria are grown in petri dishes on agar – a nutrient broth
Helps scientists determine the type of bacteria that is growing in an area

12. G. Antibiotics History 1st to discover antibiotics???
Alexander Fleming
PENICILLIN
HOW??
By accident with bread and fungi

13. Nobel Prize
Later Howard Flory received the Nobel Prize for Penicillin

14. Antiseptics Antibiotics Kills or inhibits bacterial growth
Applied directly to skin
Exs: Neosporin, Alcohol
Drugs taken orally that kill BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Exs: Amoxicillin, Pennicilin, Zithromax,

15. Virus

16. General Facts
No Kingdom
Non-living
Has DNA /RNA
No Cells

17. A. Structure
Made up of nucleic acids
Either DNA
or RNA

18. Structure (cont’d)
Capsid – protein coating surrounding the nucleic acid
Ex. Stomach Virus, Naked
Envelope: made of lipids and is outside of the capsid
EX. HIV, Flu, Chicken Pox

19. B. Intracellular Parasites
Obligate Intracellular parasite
Goes into a cell, replicates, and kills host
RNA Viruses known as Retrovirus
THE WORST
Retroviruses have reverse transcriptase: when RNA begins making DNA and then replicates and mutates

20. What kind of host cell? C. Replication of Virus
Bacteriophage – virus that infect bacteria and is virulent (fast acting)
Ex. Stomach flu
What kind of host cell?

21. Bacteriophage

22. Reproduction (cont’d)
Lytic Cycle – virulent; makes new virus quickly
Lysogenic Cycle –temperate or dormant stage; incubates until conditions are tolerable
Ex. Herpes, HIV

23. D. Subcellular Particles
Not viruses
Viroids – smallest particle
to replicate, has no capsid,
and affects plants
Ex. Potato Blight,
Orange Blight

24. D. Subcellular Particles
Prions – an abnormal form of protein that infects animals
Ex. Scrapie, BSE (mad cow disease), Kuru

25. Full words of Abbreviations
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE
Escherichia coli