1. Intel vs AMD

2. Part 1: Comparative History
Generally Intel has been the dominant producer
of microprocessor chips
AMD has proven to be a fierce competitor
Competition stimulated the industry by producing new and innovative microprocessors
In the mid nineties Intel begins to face true competition

3. Comparative History – 80286 chip
1980’s-Intel was the only true producer of marketable computer chips
1982-introduce 80286
286 was able to run software of its prior microprocessor

4. Comparative History – 80286 chip
Within 6 years, 15 million 286’s are installed around the world
Intel contracts third party companies to produce 286’s and variants
AMD was one of these third party companies
AMD became very efficient and capable of being its own producer of microprocessors

5. Comparative History – 386 chip
1985, Intel releases its 32-bit 386 microprocessor.
Faster and capable of multitasking
AMD, under licensed production, produces 386 chips allowing Intel to meet market demands
AMD produces 386 chips under licensed production.

6. Comparative History – 386 chip
During the reign of the 386, AMD decides to produce its own CPU.
1987-AMD began legal arbitration over rights to produce their own chips.
After 5 years of battle, the courts sided with AMD.
Under the reign of the 386 processor AMD decides to produce its own CPU that would eventually compete with Intel.

7. Comparative History -486 chip
1989-Intel releases its 486DX.
Allowed point and clicking
Initially twice as fast as its predecessor.
Intel continued to upgrade to speeds reaching 66MHz.

8. Comparative History -Am386 chip
1991-AMD released Am386
Intel’s 486 released two years prior
AMD believed there still existed a market
By October, AMD sold one million units

9. Comparative History -Am486 chip
1993-AMD releases first competing chip: Am486
1994-AMD improves chip with Am486DX
Am486DX processes up to 100MHz
A year after AMD wins their legal battles…

10. Comparative History - Pentium
1993, Intel realizes it cannot trademark numbers “x86.”
This allows AMD the ability to essentially clone Intel’s chips
Intel’s solution: dubs its new chip the Pentium instead of releasing it as the “586”

11. Comparative History - Pentium
Handles and processes more media types such as speech, sound , and photographic images.
It Offered multiple processing speeds up to 200MHz.
It became well entrenched in the market
During this time, Intel truly dominated
Such as speech, sound, and photographic images

12. Comparative History - Am5x86
1995- AMD’s first attempt to compete with the Pentium by introducing Am5x86
It was really for those who wanted to upgrade their 486 motherboards without making a jump to the Pentium motherboard
AMD did not fare well with this chip
Upgrade without the jump to the pentium motherboard.

13. Comparative History - AMD K5
1996-K5 introduced
First chip comparable to the Pentium
Could be placed in the same motherboard as the Pentium, making it compatible
Because it was released 3 years after the Pentium, it was met with cool reception
first…Since AMD could no longer “borrow” Intel technology, they were forced to produce entirely a new generation
Computer chip to compete with Pentium motherboard.

14. Comparative History – Pentium Pro
In the previous year, Intel released the Pentium Pro
Able to handle more instructions per clock cycle
Intel’s ability to get a new chip on the market before AMD has had the effect of overshadowing any of AMD’s microprocessors
1995

15. Comparative History - AMD K6
1996-AMD purchases the company NexGen who were making a microprocessor of their own
AMD uses their core 686 processor to develop the AMD K6
Additionally, they slap on Intel’s MMX code making it compatible with Pentiums.

16. Comparative History - AMD K6
K6 was released in 1997 and reached speeds of 166Mhz to 200Mhz
K6 was significantly cheaper than the Pentium
K6 was able to move up to speeds as high as 300MHz, out performing the Pentiums
Intel was ready for the challenge

17. Comparative History - Pentium II
Later than year, Intel unveils the Pentium II
It was equipped with MMX instructions, ready to handle video, audio, and graphics data
Better capable of handling video editing, sending media via the Internet, and reprocessing music
By 1998, the Pentium began to climb in processing speeds up to 450 MHz.

18. Comparative History - The Celeron
K6 was doing well as a cost effective alternative to the Pentium II, although it was an inferior chip
In response, in 1998, Intel introduced its own cheaper and inferiror microprocessor: the Celeron
It was a stripped down version of the Pentium II

19. Comparative History - AMD’s K6-2
AMD fights back with an enhanced K6 to take on the Pentium II: the K6-2
Their K6 chip included what they called “3DNow” technology
3DNow is an additional twenty-two instructions to better handle audio, video, and graphic intensive programs
AMD then releases K6-3 and proves to be a threat to Intel

20. Comparative History - Pentium III
1999-Intel responds by coming out with the Pentium III
It had an additional 70 instructions, improving its ability to process advanced imaging, streaming audio, video, & speech recognition programs
One goal of the Pentium III was to enhance the Internet experience

21. Comparative History - the Athlon
The Athlon was a new chip from the ground up
It was capable of doing everything the Pentium III could do, but was much cheaper
The Athlon was beating out the Pentium III

22. Comparative History - Celeron II
In 2000, Intel decides to launch a two pronged attack against AMD
First, Intel fights for low-end market by introducing the Celeron II
It ranges in speed between 500 and 1100MHz.
It was a stripped down processor with enhanced speed
It was fairly cheap, making it competitive

23. Comparative History -Pentium IV
Intel also introduces the Pentium IV
It uses four main new technologies: Hyper Pipelined Technology, Rapid Execution Engine, Execution Trace Cache and a 400 MHz system bus
Its major improvement was increased speed, initially starting at 1.5Ghz with ability for expansion
Today it’s reaching upwards to a remarkable 3GHz

24. Comparative History - Pentium IV
The Pentium IV can now produce high quality video
stream radio and TV quality information across the internet
Render upscale graphics in real-time
Perform several applications simultaneously while connected to the Internet

25. Comparative History - the Duron
As result of Intel’s attack on AMD, Intel is once again dominating the market
AMD’s response to the Celeron II was the Duron, released the same year (2000)
It is a geared down version of the Athlon, but edges out the Celeron

26. Comparative History - Athlon XP
The Athlon chip was destroying the Pentium III, but now is destined for the graveyard
In response to the Pentium IV, AMD enhanced the Athlon by coming out with the XP series.
Test show that an Athlon XP running 1.4GHz performs nearly as well as a Pentium of 2Ghz
The Athlon XP is a quality chip, but is fading away under the onslaught of the heavy performance of the Pentium IV

27. Comparative History–the ClawHammer
Intel now holds edge over AMD in chip technology
Rumored that AMD is developing a powerhouse chip called the ClawHammer
It is apparently in a testing stage

28. Chipsets
Our goal has been to understand the history and details of the competition and their processors between Intel and AMD
Also of importance are Chipsets
Knowing some information on chipsets helps determine an appropriate opinion on Intel & AMD
Our goals thus far have been to understand the competition that has existed between Intel & AMD in regards to
processors

29. Chipsets
A chipset is a group of integrated circuits, sold as one unit, designed to perform one or more related functions
We are focused on chipsets that provide functionality for the CPU
We compared chipsets from both AMD and Intel as well as an outside manufacturer, who makes chipsets for both, VIA.
Example : a modem

30. Most advanced chipset for the AMD CPU
Consists of the VT8235 Southbridge and the VT8377 Northbridge.

32. Main Features of KT400 Front Side Bus (FSB) up to 333Mhz
Support for PC 3200 DDR Ram 400 Mhz
North-South Bridge 533 Mhz
5 available PCI slots

33. KT400 VT8377 Features Lightening fast memory access: 2.7 Gb/s
8X offers 2.1 Gb/s dedicated speed to 3D graphics
Fast 333 Mhz FSB

34. KT400 VT8235 Features
533 Mhz 8X V-link interface between North and South bridge
USB 2.0
ATA133
6 Channel Audio

35. Performance Measurements AMD (using KT400) vs. Pentium
Using Soyo’s KT400 Ultra Dragon Motherboard

36. Higher number better

37. Higher number better

38. Higher number better

39. AMD 760 MPX Chipset (Dual Processor)
Consists of the AMD-762 system controller (northbridge) and the AMD-768 peripheral bus controller (southbridge).

41. Main features of AMD 760MPX
Front Side Bus (FSB) up to 266 Mhz per processor (533Mhz)
Support for PC 2100 DDR Ram 266 Mhz
North-South Bridge 66 Mhz
Up to 7 available PCI slots

42. Features of AMD 760MPX 762 System Controller
Two 266 MHz point-to-point AMD system buses
PC 2100 DDR Ram 266 Mhz
AGP 4X video card support

43. Features of AMD 760MPX 768 Peripheral Bus Controller
Host PCI bus utilizing a 66MHz/64-bit interface. Secondary 33MHz/32-bit PCI bus interface, including PCI bus arbiter with support for up to eight external devices
UDMA 33/66/100 compatible EIDE bus master controller
SMBus controller with one SMBus port

45. Advantages of the AIPC and the SMBus Bus
Through the AIPC bus, the Processors have direct access to the south bridge
Through the SMBus, the memory has the direct access to the south bridge
Disadvantage of direct access can be potential data conflict

46. The 860 Chipset

47. Structure Designed for Xeon Processor 2 Main Chips
MCH Memory Controller Hub
Controls the high speed bus
ICH2 I/O controller Hub
Controls the peripheral devices

48. Over view of 860 chipset

49. High Speed Bus
Memory
64 Bit PCI connection
Graphics Accelerators

50. Memory Configuration RDRAM
Up to 64 devices supported by the Paired mode
Single Channel-pair Mode
Utilizes memory modules ( 4 Gigabytes)
Multiple Channel- pair mode
Utilizes MRH-R to control the expanded capabilities ( 16 Gigabytes of RAM)

51. Block Diagram

52. 64 bit PCI Support 400 MHz connection to the P64H chip
Allows for a fast connection to a high speed, PCI device
High data transfer rate
High Speed
A pair are bundled in the chipset

53. Graphics Accelerator MCH connects to AGP 4X Connection speed of 1 GB/s
High performance Accelerators supported
Does not Support 8X Accelerators

54. ICH2 Peripherals Bus 32 Bit PCI Bus LAN Controller I/O module
Keyboard, Mouse, Floppy disk drive, etc
ATA / 100 (IDE standard for Hard Drive)
4 USB Ports

55. Features and Benefits

56. Overview 860 chipset Highly Structured Powered by up to 7 chips
High performance

58. Apollo Chipset Designed for the Pentium 4 processor
3 Segments in the Bus
North Bridge High speed bus
South Bridge peripheral devices

59. Block Diagram

60. North Bridge System Bus 400 MHz Main memory Connection at 266 MHz
Bottleneck
Accelerated Graphics Controller AGP
4X AGP support

61. South Bridge Controls 32 bit PCI Bus (33 MHz)
Supports up to 6 USB devices
(2.0 Standard)
Hard Drive
IDE (ATA 33 / 66 / 100 )
LAN controller VT6103

62. South Bridge (cont’d) Several chips available VT8233 VT8233C VT8233A
Each with a unique function
Price drops

63. Features Supports Intel Pentium 4 Processor
400MHz (Quad 100) FSB setting
AGP4X graphics
Supports DDR200/266 SDRAM as well as PC100/133
SDRAM
Ultra fast 266MB per second V-Link between North and South Bridge

64. Features (cont’d) AC'97 and MC'97 Audio/Modem
Integrated 3Com 10/100Mb Ethernet Media Access Controller
Support for 2 ATA 33/66/100 interfaces
6 USB ports, UHCI compliant
Advanced power management capabilities
Note Source: (Via P4X266)

65. Overview Highly structured Unique features
LAN, sound, modem integrated
4 GB of Ram
Promises to utilize Intel’s Quad bus pumping technology
Price conscientious

66. Thank You