1. The Muslim Empires Chapter 13
Ottoman Turks and
Safavid Empire

2. Ottoman Empire: Located in the Anatolian and Balkan Peninsulas and Northern Africa

3. The Ottoman Capital -- Istanbul
Balkan Peninsula and Anatolian Peninsula – between the Black Sea and Mediterranean

4. Gunpowder Empires Ottomans, Safavid, and Mogul Empires
16th & early 17th c. the greatest gunpowder states were Islamic.
Ottomans- Based in Istanbul
Safavid – Based in Iran
Mogul – Base in India
Stable boundaries (not nomadic)

5. The Ottomans One of the first “gunpowder empires.”
Gunpowder Empire: an empire formed by mastery of firearms

6. The Early Ottoman Empire 1281 - 1600s
Ottoman Turks establish Ottoman Empire in 1200s
Build a strong military guard: Janissaries
In 1453, they captured Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire
Constantinople becomes Istanbul

7. What major historical CITY existed between the Balkan and Anatolian Peninsula?
Turkey
Balkan Peninsula
Istanbul
Ottoman Empire

8. Janissaries – Elite Soldiers of Sultan Army
Janissaries – young Christian children converted to Islam and trained as foot soldiers
After being converted and educated they were enrolled in the elite regiments.
Greatest slave-recruited Army in the Islamic world

9. Osman I (r )
Osman I – founder of the Ottoman empire (Ottoman leader took the title of sultan)

10. Mehmed II: r. 1451-1481 (“The Conqueror”)
Mehmed II – Sultan captured Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire
Sultan: Supreme authority of Ottoman system (politically and militarily)

11. Expansion of the Ottomans
New capital= Istanbul
Controlled the Balkans and Anatolian Peninsula
Conquered Mesopotamia, Egypt, Arabia, Jerusalem, Mecca, and Medina

12. What two territories were conquered by the Ottoman Empire?
Jerusalem and Mecca
Arabia and Cuba
Mesopotamia and Aruba
Egypt and Parts of Russia

13. The Golden Age of the Ottomans

14. What’s my name?
Turned into a Mosque once Ottoman conquered

16. Suleiman the Magnificent: (1520-1566)
Suleiman’s Signature
– “Golden Age” – Ottoman empire at its largest
Suleiman advance deeper into Europe, finally stopped at the “Siege of Vienna”

17. Suleiman Suleiman as sultan had absolute power
Ruled with the help of a grand vizier (lead advisor)
Private domain of the Sultan = Harem
Had several wives

18. Women
Women allowed to own property and could not be forced into marriage
Allowed to divorce and had power within the palace
Served as gov’t officials

19. Blue Mosque The Arts: Arts blossomed under Suleiman
Greatest contribution to the world was architecture

20. Decline of the Ottoman’s
After the death of Suleyman, sultans become less involved in gov’t
Elites gained power and sultans become their servants
Corruption, taxes increase, and constant internal struggles/wars

21. According to the slide explaining the roles of women in the Ottoman Empire, who's likeness was used to represent the equality of women during the time period?
Suleiman
Osman
Beyonce
Jasmine

22. The Safavid

23. Safavid Empire in Persia
Ismail = Shah (king) of New Persia
Ismail killed Sunni’s who did not convert to Shiites
Considered themselves to be the spiritual leaders of Islam
Ottomans = Sunni
Safavid= Shiites
Safavid Empire located in modern-day Iran & Iraq, still predominantly Shiite Muslim.
Today conflicts with the Sunni Muslims of the region exist (Example: Syria today!)

24. The leader of the Safavid Empire was know as?
The Shah
The Sultan
President Trump

25. The Safavid planted Shiite traditions firmly in Iran and gave Persians a strong sense of their own identity
Tension between Shiite Safavid’s and Sunni Ottoman Turks arose in several events in the history of the Persian empire.

26. 1580 - Ottomans attack and force Abbas to sign Peace Treaty
Safavid capital is moved to Esfahan
Safavid glory slowly faded after the death of Shah Abbas
Pressure from Ottoman armies, conservative Shiite scholars challenged the authority of the Shah

27. Abbas the Great – High Point 1588-1629
He revived the glory of ancient Persia created a powerful military force modeled after the Ottoman Janissaries

28. The Safavid culture
Esfahan the capital, the arts flourished under Shah Abbas, Silk and carpet weaving spread through the region.

29. The Quick Decline of the Safavid’s
Shah Abbas’ death (power void)
Bordering nations seized territory:
Afghans invaded from the East
Ottoman Turks from the West = Persia fell into a state of political chaos and anarchy.

30. Women in Persia
After the death of Abbas in 1629, pressure to conform to religious traditional beliefs leads to…
Persian women who had had freedom, now forced into seclusion and required to wear a veil.

31. What was one major change women now faced under Safavid rule?
They had to cook
They had to wear a veil.