1. PLAGIARISM
Changes in technology have caused universities to look more closely at plagiarism
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2. How Did We Get Here?
1993--American Research Group offers papers online
Paper mills. Schoolsucks.com starts with one essay
Paper Mills (38 offer free papers). Schoolsucks.com advertising revenue is $5,000/month.
Virginia Tech cases cases cases
2003 USM’s English Department order Turnitin.com

3. INCORPORATING SOURCE MATERIAL
Summary
Paraphrase
Direct Quotation
The following information is derived from
Raimes, A. (2002). Keys for writers: A brief handbook.
(3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Behrens, L. & Rosen, L.J. (2000). Writing and reading across the curriculum. (7th ed.). New York: Longman.

4. USM’s Online Tutorial
From USM’s home page, click on the link to libraries, and then select cook library.
From the library’s page, click on online tutorials (far right under the heading research tools)
Then chose the tutorial on plagiarism. Take the tutorial including the initial and the final tests. Send one set of results to yourself and one set to me at
Link to online tutorial

5. PARAPHRASE Paraphrase offers more detail than summary
Do not have source in front of you as you write
Do not substitute synonyms for some or most of an author’s words
Use your own sentence and paragraph structure as well as your own words.
Cite the author(s) as the source of ideas and provide full documentation

6. DIRECT QUOTATION
Use direct quotation when an author has used striking or efficient language, or when you will comment upon specific moments within a passage
Repeat words and punctuation exactly
Use quotation marks for passages less than 40 words, indentation for longer passages
Do not misrepresent your source by removing passages from their context
Cite the author(s) as the source of ideas and provide full documentation

7. BASICS OF REFERENCES PAGE
List only works you’ve cited or referred to in your text
List works alphabetically, by last names of primary authors
Put year in parentheses after name(s) of author(s)
Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns for titles of books and articles
For help with your references page consult this link

8. AVOIDING PLAGIARISM Keep careful notes of your research.
Don’t look at your source while you summarize or paraphrase
Do not substitute synonyms for some or most of the words in an author’s passage
Use your own sentence an paragraph structure as well as your own words.
Check your text against the original source.
Always cite the original author and provide full documentation of your source.

9. References Raimes, A. (2002). Keys for writers: A brief handbook.
(3rd ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Behrens, L. & Rosen, L.J. (2000). Writing and reading
across the curriculum. (7th ed.). New York: Longman.
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10. YOUR ASSIGNMENT
You will write a carefully documented research paper using summary, paraphrase, and direct quotation.
Follow APA guidelines available in several guides.
For help with your references page consult this link
For citations within your text consult this link
You will provide photocopies of all of your sources.
Your assignment is available at Dr. Miller’s class website (

11. SAMPLE ESSAY
Your essay will be similar in length and format to the sample essay with the following exceptions.
Use APA style for title. (running head, etc.)
Indentations for long quotations should be 1/2 inch from left margin
Guidelines for Web references have changed since 1997.

12. APA GUIDELINE FOR WEB REFERENCES
Name of author(s) if available
date of work (“n.d” if no date is available)
title of work with additional necessary information added in brackets [letter to the editor, data file, etc]
print publication information (such as name of journal, volume number, page numbers)
retrieval statement containing the date you retrieved the information and the name of the database or URL of the specific document you refer to, not just the home page

13. CURRENT SAMPLE WEB REFERENCE
Ansburg, P. (2000, April 24). Fechner’s law [Lecture notes]. Retrieved March 15, 2001, from

14. QUESTIONS?
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