1. CIS 199 Test 1 Review

2. Computer Hardware Five logical units of computer system: Input unit
Mouse, keyboard
Output unit
Printer, monitor, audio speakers
Memory unit (Primary storage or Main Memory)
Retains input and processed information
Central processing unit (CPU)
Supervises operation of other devices
Contains Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)
Performs calculations
Secondary storage unit
Hard drives, SSDs, flash drives

3. Input, Output Devices Input Output Takes data IN
Keyboard, Mouse, Game Controller, Microphone
Output
Pushes, places data OUT
Display, Speakers, Printers

4. Programs and Digital Data
Operating Systems. Microsoft Office, Web browsers
Instructions read by CPU and processed
Digital Data
1’s
0’s
…forms binary (base 2)

5. Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
An extension of procedural programming
Objects
Similar to concrete objects in the real world
Contain their own attributes and behaviors
The attributes of an object represent its characteristics
The state of an object is the collective value of all its attributes
The behaviors of an object, or methods, are the things it “does”

6. Built-In Types

7. Properties Exposed “Variables” or accessible values of an object
Can have access controlled via scope modifiers
When thinking of properties: Values and definitions
“get” – Code to run before returning a value
“set” – Code to run before updating a value
Can be used for validation and other processing actions
“value” is a keyword in “set”

9. Methods Actions, code to be executed
May return a value, may take value (not required)
Can be controlled via scope keywords
Can be static

10. Scope “private” – Can only be accessed by the class, object itself
“protected” – Can only be accessed by the class, object, or any child classes, objects
“public” – Available access for all

11. Relational Operators Compares two items
An expression containing a comparison operator returns a Boolean value
Boolean can hold only one of two values—true or false
Declare a Boolean variable with data type bool

12. Comparing Strings Use == and !=
Use the Equals() method, Compare() method, and CompareTo() method
You cannot use
>, >=, <, <=

13. Conditional Logic if(expression) else if(expression) else
If ‘expression’ is true
If not true, skipped
else if(expression)
Can be used to ‘chain’ conditions
Code runs if ‘expression’ is true
else
Code to execute if ‘expression’ false
Statements can be nested

14. Switch Statement switch structure
Tests a single variable against a series of exact matches
Keywords
switch – starts the structure and is followed immediately by a test expression enclosed in parentheses
case – followed by one of the possible values that might equal the switch expression
break – usually terminates a switch structure at the end of each case
Default – optionally is used prior to any action that should occur if the test expression does not match any case

15. Data Conversion Exception Handling
If user enters invalid data when you attempt to Parse, program will crash due to an exception
The TryParse methods can prevent these
int.TryParse
double.TryParse
decimal.TryParse
The generic syntax is:
type.TryParse(string, out targetVariable)
The out keyword is required; it specifies that the targetVariable is an output variable

17. Sample Questions from Blackboard Wiki

18. What does ‘WYSIWYG’ stand for?
You
See Is
Get

19. GroupBox Vs Panel Panels have: GroupBoxes have: Scroll bar Group Title
Border styling options

20. What is the difference between a high-level and a low-level language?
Little to no ‘abstraction’ from the hardware or computer
“Close to the hardware”
Simple, but Difficult to use
Machine code, assembly, C (in some cases)
High-Level
Very strong ‘abstraction’ from the hardware or computer
“Far from the hardware”
Easier to use, abstraction adds complexity
C++, Java, C#, Python

21. How is the lifetime of a FIELD different from a lifetime of LOCAL variable?
Fields are members of their containing type
Fields can be used everywhere with appropriate scope
Local variables can be used only in their “local” environment

22. What two things does a variable declaration specify about a variable?
Type
Identifier
TYPE
IDENTIFIER

23. Describe ‘&&’ and ‘||’ and how they work.
Returns true if conditions are ALL true
“If you do well on the test AND the quiz, you will earn a great grade!”
|| (OR)
Returns true if ANY conditions are true
“You can run a mile OR walk two miles (possible do both!)”

24. Why is ‘TryParse’ more effective than ‘Parse’?
Less code
No try / catch required

25. What is the difference between a SIGNED an UNSIGNED int?

26. What is the difference between syntax errors and logic errors?
Syntax Errors – Errors that prevent compilation or other factors that prevent successful compilation
striing myString = string.Empty; // Won’t compile, syntax error
Logic Errors – Errors that occur during runtime, such as incorrect comparison or other unexpected behavior
If(grade > 60) { Code if grade is F } // Incorrect operator used

27. What are the “Five logical units”?
CPU – Processing, instructions
Memory – Scratch pad, working space (Temporary)
Secondary Storage – Hard drives, storage (Long term)
Input – Keyboards, Mice, Controllers
Output – Monitors, Speakers, Printers

28. Explicit type conversion? Why and how?
Variables must be used for a single type never change
Move from one type to another, must cast
EXPLICIT cast / type conversion
Aware of information loss

29. Write a code fragment that will display “Good Job” when int variable score is 80 or more, “OK” when score is 70 – 79, and “Needs Work” for any score under 70.

30. Write a code fragment that will apply a 10% discount to the value in double variable total when int variable numItems is 5 or more and int variable zone is 1, 3 or 5.

31. Class Vs Objects
A Class can be described as a logical collection of attributes and behaviors (methods) that describe how a group of objects “look” and behave.
An object is an instance of a class.
Classes can be viewed as templates from which objects are created e.g. building plan (class)  houses (object)
The objects from a class can share the same features and structures but can differ in implementation and use e.g. Car (Class)  RedCar (object 1), BlueCar (object 2), SilverFastCar (object 3), SilverSlowCar (object 4)
class
Car RedCar = new Car(“Red”, 90.0); //object 1
Car BlueCar = new Car(“Blue”, 90.0); //object 2
Car SilverFastCar = new Car(“Silver”, 100.0); //object 3
Car SilverSlowCar = new Car(“Silver”, 20.0); //object 4
Car
Color
MaxSpeed
Accelerates()
Attributes
method

32. Question?

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