1. And all its parts
The Nucleus

2. Prokaryote VS Eukaryote
The main difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.
Their DNA floats freely around the cell.
Prokaryotes are usually smaller and more simple.
Prokaryotes still perform all the functions of a living thing
Most prokaryotes are bacteria

3. Structure Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Structure Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cell Membrane
Animal
Plant
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Structure
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Cell Membrane
Yes
Animal
Plant
Cell Wall No
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Small or None
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton

4. Chromosomes and Chomatin
Chromatin is DNA bound to proteins.
Chromatin is spread throughout the nucleus
When the cell is going to divide the chromatin condenses.
This condensed and compact DNA makes chromosomes.
The DNA contains all the genetic information that is passed from generation to generation

5. DNA G T A C Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is composed of
A sugar (deoxyribose)
A phosphate
A nitrogen base
There are four different nitrogen bases
A (adenine)
C (cytosine)
T (thymine)
G (guanine) G T A C
Phosphate
Sugar

6. DNA
Each strand of DNA is complimentary to the opposite strand because A always pairs up with T and C always pairs up with G
So, it is really easy to make a copy of DNA if we have one strand

7. Replication
Replication is the process of creating a copy of each strand of DNA.
We simply unzip the two strand of DNA into single strands and match up the complimentary nucleotides with the single strand
of DNA to create the
new strand
This is done whenever
the cell divides into
two cells, so that each
cell gets an equal
number of chromosomes

8. Nucleuolus This is a small dense area within the nucleus
This is where RNA is created
This area is not membrane bound

9. RNA
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) is a single stranded copy of DNA that can travel outside the nucleus and deliver snip-its of information contained in the DNA
RNA is just like DNA except:
It is single stranded
It uses U (uracil) instead of T (thymine)
Remember: RNA is like the recipe that chefs (ribosomes) use to create an meal (protein)

10. Transcription
Transcription is the process used to copy a piece of a strand of DNA into a piece of mRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a strand of RNA that carries a set of instructions used to make a polypeptide (protein).
It works just like replication, but whenever there is an A in the DNA it pairs up with a U instead of a T

11. Nuclear Envelope The membrane that is double layered around
the nucleus
It is full of tiny holes
called nuclear pores
These pores allow a steady stream of RNA to leave the nucleus and allow replication and transcription enzymes to enter the nucleus
The outer membrane is continuous with the E.R., so RNA goes directly into the E.R. when it exits the nucleus

12. Translation
When the RNA enters the rough ER it attaches to a ribosome.
The ribosome
read the RNA
and uses it as
instructions to
create a
polypeptide
(protein).