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Small Modular Reactors: T’s & C’s

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Presentation on theme: "Small Modular Reactors: T’s & C’s"— Presentation transcript:

1 Small Modular Reactors: T’s & C’s
Session Name: Panel Session 3: Small Modular Reactors Speaker Details: Frik van Niekerk

2 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE
Presentation Outline The potential of SMRs Overview of SMR developments Challenges and concerns SMR Safety T’s & C’s – raising the bar

3 Potential of SMRs Increased safety and security Economic benefits
Passive nuclear safety concepts Inherently safe, passive heat removal, “catastrophy free” (potential) Reduction of the source term and radioactive inventory Potential to mitigate external impacts: seismic, tsunami , aircraft impacts, (war?, terrorism?) Some designs are proliferation resistant Economic benefits ~ Flexibility 2019/05/10 1 World Nuclear Association,

4 Potential of SMRs Increased safety and security Economic benefits
~ Economic benefits Easier financing Modularity of fabrication (in-factory), higher quality standards Modularity: multiple units on a site Lower operational cost, fewer staff to run Less onerous decommissioning: remove reactor module or in-situ Some designs: Breeder concepts Higher burn-up rates and longer fuel cycles Flexibility 2019/05/10 1 World Nuclear Association,

5 Potential of SMRs Increased safety and security Economic benefits
~ Economic benefits Flexibility Load following capability Less dependent on location limitations (cooling water): Ideal for electricity and process heat (remote regions, mining, desalination H2) Ideal in countries with smaller grids, less nuclear power experience Other 2019/05/10 1 World Nuclear Association,

6 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE
Presentation Outline The potential of SMRs Overview of SMR developments Challenges and concerns SMR Safety T’s & C’s – raising the bar

7 Overview of SMR developments
2019/05/10 Source:

8 Overview of SMR developments
2019/05/10 Source:

9 Overview of SMR developments
2019/05/10

10 Overview of SMR developments
2019/05/10

11 Overview of SMR developments
2019/05/10 Source:

12 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE
Presentation Outline The potential of SMRs Overview of SMR developments Challenges and concerns SMR Safety T’s & C’s – raising the bar

13 Challenges and Concerns
Economy of scale (business case horison) Current licensing regime Nuclear waste Nuclear proliferation Public acceptance Cost Emergent disruptive new technologies Renewable energy Energy storage advantages 2019/05/10 1 World Nuclear Association,

14 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE
Presentation Outline The potential of SMRs Overview of SMR developments Challenges and concerns SMR Safety T’s & C’s – raising the bar

15 Gauging the threat Fukushima Japan - 2011 http://wirednewyork.com
2019/05/10

16 Nuclear Safety: new requirements
Nuclear power may have a place in a world with rising energy demand, amidst the reality of global warming due to i.a. the use of fossil fuels, provided the challenges of a raised bar for nuclear technology can be met: Safety, security, cost Competing disruptive new technologies Public acceptance New safety quality in nuclear engineering requires catastrophe-free nuclear technology. Reactor protection building designs for retaining a core meltdown or designs of reactors which would never melt are ways in which the goal formulated is to be attained. 2019/05/10 VDI-Berichte; v. 1076; 227 p; ISBN ; ; 1994; p Source: KFZ: Juelich, 1990

17 SMR safety characteristics
2019/05/10 Source:

18 SMR safety characteristics
2019/05/10 Source:

19 SMR safety characteristics
2019/05/10 Source:

20 Catastrophy free nuclear plants
Following an accident: Consequences of an accident have to be restricted to the plant itself: No immediate fatalities outside the nuclear power plant No traceable late fatalities in the population outside the plant No unallowable land contamination outside nuclear power plant No evacuation and no later resettlement of people No limitations of use of food and water after a nuclear accident This exclusion must not be realized in a probabilistic sense, but it must be founded deterministically and proven. External impacts which exceed the current assumptions, require specific considerations (very strong earthquakes, extreme terrorist and military attack). 2019/05/10 VDI-Berichte; v. 1076; 227 p; ISBN ; ; 1994; p Source: KFZ: Juelich, 1990

21 2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE
Presentation Outline The potential of SMRs Overview of SMR developments Challenges and concerns SMR Safety T’s & C’s – raising the bar Safety, security, cost Competitive disruptive new technologies Public acceptance

22 Thank you for listening!
2nd NUCLEAR REGULATORY INFORMATION CONFERENCE Thank you for listening! Q&A

23 Reactor designs 2019/05/10

24 Reactor designs 2019/05/10


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