1. Mechanisms of Cardiomyoplasty: Comparative Effects of Adynamic Versus Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty 
Brian D. Mott, Joong Hwan Oh, Yoshio Misawa, Joe Helou, Vinay Badhwar, David Francischelli, Ray C.-J. Chiu 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 65, Issue 4, Pages (April 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig. 1
Experimental design. (ACMP = adynamic cardiomyoplasty; DCMP= dynamic cardiomyoplasty;E = echocardiography; S-G = Swan-Ganz study.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig. 2
After rapid pacing, all groups showed ventricular dilatation, but the adynamic cardiomyoplasty (ACMP) and dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP) groups had less enlargement than the control group. (∗p < 0.02; ∗∗p < )
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig. 3
The degree of ventricular dysfunction during rapid pacing was less in the adynamic cardiomyoplasty (ACMP) and dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP) groups than in the controls. During the recovery period, ejection fractions were higher in the DCMP group compared with the control group. (∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < )
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig. 4
At the end of induction of heart failure, the control group had a higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure than the adynamic cardiomyoplasty (ACMP) and dynamic cardiomyoplasty (DCMP) groups. (∗p < 0.05.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

6. Fig. 5
In the dynamic cardiomyoplasty group there was a trend toward higher left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) with the stimulator on compared with off throughout the entire recovery period, but it was not significant except at week 9 (∗p < 0.05).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

7. Fig. 6
Two-dimensional echocardiograms (apical view) after rapid-pacing period (week 9) during cardiomyostimulator studies: stimulator “off” at (A) end-diastole and (B) end-systole and stimulator “on” at (C) end-diastole and (D) end-systole, where the left ventricle (LV) looks smaller because of systolic assist of skeletal muscle. (LA = left atrium.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )