1. Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 3-7 (June 2009)
Treadmill exercise reduces self-administration of morphine in male rats 
Mahmoud Hosseini, Hojjat Allah Alaei, Asieh Naderi, Mohammad Reza Sharifi, Reza Zahed 
Pathophysiology 
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 3-7 (June 2009)
DOI: /j.pathophys
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The effects of morphine without and with exercise on the active (to receive morphine) and passive lever pressing tested in a morphine self-administration apparatus. Rats were cannulated into jugular veins and received saline (Saline group) or morphine (Morphine, Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 groups) (8 rats in each group) in a morphine self-administration apparatus. The animals of Exercise 1 group were running 90min before each session and of Exercise 2 group 30 days before surgery as well as before each session. The numbers of active and passive lever pressings were compared in each group using the repeated measure ANOVA. Data are shown as means±SEM. (A=Saline group), (B=Morphine group), (C=Exercise 1 group) and (D=Exercise 2 group). The number of active lever pressing in Morphine and Exercise groups was higher than passive ones but in Saline group there was no difference between active and passive lever pressing.
Pathophysiology  , 3-7DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Results of active lever pressing between 4 groups (Saline, Morphine, Exercise 1 and Exercise 2) (8 animals each). See also the legend in Fig. 1. The number of active lever pressing of Morphine group was higher than Saline group and the number of active lever pressing in Exercise 1 and Exercise 2 groups was lower than morphine group (p<0.001).
Pathophysiology  , 3-7DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Results of passive lever pressing between all groups of animals (Saline, Morphine, Exercise 1 and Exercise 2). See also the legend in Fig. 1. No significant difference in the number of passive lever pressing was observed between groups.
Pathophysiology  , 3-7DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions