1. Term Review
Sec 3Applied
Term 1

2. Concepts covered so far…
History of Life on Earth
Conditions of life
Cells
Main Components
Mitosis / Meiosis
Nutrition
Type of nutrients and their function
Energy value
Digestion
Anatomy
Physiology
Technical Drawing
Isometric
Orthogonal

3. Life on Earth

4. The Right Conditions
We have life on our planet because of many factors. Following are what scientists belief are factors conducive to life:
Planet in the habitable zone
Has a circular orbit
Has a hard crust
Is big enough (keep atmosphere)
Liquid water

5. Cells the beginning of complex Life

6. Cells A cell is the smallest building block of life
It contains at least:
Nucleus
Brain of the cell
Contains all the DNA and genetic material
Cytoplasm
Liquid that allows nutrients to travel within the cell
Cellular Membrane
Semi-permeable layer that protects the cell

7. Cellular division 1.Mitosis 2.Meiosis
Allows for the creation of two genetically identical somatic cells starting from 1 parent cell
Used for growth and regeneration of tissues
Some cells cannot reproduce in such a way
2.Meiosis
Allows for the creation of 4 haploid cells (1/2 the genetic material). These will be genetically different from the parent cell.
Produces sex cells

8. Mitosis Start with a parent cell
The parent cell doubles the genetic material (DNA)
The nucleus splits into two with the same genetic material
The cell splits into two with the same genetic material
We have to genetically identical cells.

9. Meiosis Mitosis occurs 2 identical cells are created
Each of these cells then splits into 2 (without replicating the DNA)
We have now 4 cells with ½ the amount of DNA as the parent cell

10. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis Meiosis Types of cells obtained
Somatic cells
Sex cells
Function
Repair and growth of tissues
Reproduction
Number of daughter cells 2 4
Amount of DNA in daughter cells 2n
(diploids) n
(haploids)

11. Nutrition and digestion

12. Nutrients Energy giving nutrients Regulating nutrients Carbohydrates
Lipids (fats)
Proteins
Regulating nutrients
Vitamins and Minerals
Water
Fiber *

13. Nutrients Energy giving nutrients Carbohydrates 1st Energy Source
Carbs are broken down into glucose
E.g. bread, pasta
Glucose = Sugar
* 1g of carbs = 17kJ

14. Nutrients Energy giving nutrients Lipids = fats
Lipids 2nd Energy Source
Lipids are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
E.g. butter, cream
Lipids = fats
* 1 g of lipids = 37 kJ

15. Nutrients Energy giving nutrients Proteins Emergency Energy Source
Main function build and repair tissues
Proteins are broken down into amino acids
E.g. meat, nuts, tofu
* 1 g of protein = 17 kJ

16. Topic 1: The Digestive System
Nutrients
Anatomy
The digestive tract
Sites of Absorption
Physiology

17. Anatomy The digestive system:
The digestive tract
Path the food takes
The digestive glands
Where chemicals that help in the breakdown of food comes from
Glands = organs that secrete an enzyme (chemical)

18. Anatomy The Mouth The digestive tract The Pharynx The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

19. Anatomy The Pharynx The digestive tract
The Mouth
The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Shared by the respiratory system and the digestive system

20. Anatomy The Esophagus The digestive tract The Mouth The Pharynx
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
PERISTALSIS: muscle contractions that push food through the digestive tract

21. Anatomy The Stomach The digestive tract The Mouth The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
*Churning: action of the stomach to mix the food with the gastric juices

22. Anatomy Small Intestine The digestive tract The Mouth The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
*Peristalsis
*Site where nutrients are absorbed

23. Anatomy Large Intestine The digestive tract The Mouth The Pharynx
The Esophagus
The Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

24. Anatomy The digestive glands Salivary glands (Saliva or Amylase)
Gastric Glands (Stomach acid)
Intestinal Glands (Intestinal juices)
Pancreas (Insulin)
Liver (Bile)
*1st chemical transformation occurs in the mouth with amylase
*Most of the “digestion” occurs in the small intestine

25. Topic 1: The Digestive System
Nutrients
Anatomy
Physiology
How does the system work

26. Physiology
Mmmm!!
Burger

27. Physiology
During the digestion process your food undergoes mechanical and chemical transformations
Mechanical Transformation: same thing only smaller or mixed
Chemical Transformation:break down of complex molecules into less complex molecules

28. Examples of Mechanical Transformations
The Mouth – Chewing
The Stomach and small intestine- Churning
Mixing food with the secretions of the digestive glands
Peristalsis is also a mechanical transformation

29. Sites of Chemical Transformations
Results from the substances secreted from the digestive glands

30. Digestive Gland
Secretions
Location
Targets
Salivary glands
Saliva
Mouth
Starch (complex carbohydrate)
Gastric Gland
Gastric Juices
Stomach
Proteins
Intestinal glands
Intestinal juices
Small intestine
Proteins, carbs, lipids
Pancreas
Pancreatic juices
Small Intestine

31. Absorption of nutrients
The process that moves nutrients (chemically broken down food) through the lining of the digestive tract and into the blood stream.
Mostly, food is absorbed in the small intestine via Villi.

32. What is a Villi?
Folds in the intestine
Increases surface area

33. Physiology
Mmmm!!
Burger

34. Technical Drawings

35. Orthogonal Shows three sides of an object (Top, Front, Side)
Do not forget to include hidden lines

36. Isometric
Drawing done of dot paper
View point is diagonal