1. Constructive & Destructive Forces on Landforms

2. Two Types of Forces
Destructive Forces: processes that destroy landforms.
2 types: Slow (weathering) and Fast (Erosion)
Ex. landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods
Constructive forces: forces that build up an existing landform or create a new one.
Caused by: water, gravity, wind and glaciers.
Ex: deposition, landslides, volcanic eruptions, floods

3. Weathering
Weathering Pictures
Weathering: a slow, destructive force that breaks rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. Can by physical (mechanical) or chemical.
Keywords:
wear down, break
apart

4. Mechanical weathering: the breaking of rock into smaller pieces by forces due to gravity, ice, plant roots, or other physical forces.

5. Chemical Weathering: the changing of materials in a rock by chemical processes.

6. Erosion
Grand Canyon Video
Erosion: the destructive movement of materials away from one place by wind, water, ice and gravity.
Wave Erosion- caused by water
Wind Erosion (Dust Storm)

7. Landslides
Landslides: occur when gravity quickly pulls rock and dirt downhill.

8. Floods
Floods: a great flow of water over an area that is usually dry land.

9. Volcanic Eruptions
Volcano: an opening in the Earth’s crust through which steam, lava and ashes erupt.
Cause both destructive and constructive changes to landforms.

10. Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens Video Saint Helen’s Before
Saint Helen’s After

11. Volcanoes can be constructive, but also destructive…

12. Earthquakes
Earthquakes: the shaking of Earth’s surface caused by the release of energy along a fault.
San Andreas Fault, California

13. Volcanoes & Earthquakes
Tectonic Plates, Volcanoes & Earthquakes

14. Erosion & Deposition
Deposition: the placing of materials in a new place (constructive force).
Ex. Sandbars

15. Water Erosion & Deposition
River Delta- Deposits of sediment at the mouth of the Mississippi River creating new land called a delta.

16. Wind Erosion & Deposition
Sand Dunes- sand is moved by wind
Desert Sand Dunes
Ocean Sand Dunes

17. Great Basin Region

18. Great Basin Region
Here, the Earth's crust has undergone extreme stretching as the Pacific plate has pulled away from the continental plate. As the earth’s crust stretched, blocks of crust broke loose and dropped to form a pattern of valley basins and mountain ranges. This created roughly linear, north-south trending mountains as valleys dropped, leaving elevated mountain ranges. Over time, the valley "basins" filled with sediments eroded from the mountain “ranges”.

19. Valley of Fire

20. Valley of Fire
The Red Sandstone Formations were created during the age of dinosaurs, 150 million years ago, from sand dunes that shifted. This shifting, along with lots of erosion combined with uplifting and faults, created the uniquely shaped formations that make up the Valley of Fire State Park. -