1. Jan. 4, 2019 You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil
Warm Up:(Write on notebook paper)
We’ve learned about clouds. What do you call a cloud in the upper portion of the sky? Middle portion? Lower portion?
I CAN: review our atmospheric lessons and begin learning about storms.

2. Forces/motion/energy #11 #11 #11 NCFE
Weather/atmosphere
Human body
Genetics
#11
Cells/protists
Cells/protists
Math Benchmark
Reading Benchmark
Forces/motion/energy
#11
#11
#11
NCFE
Must review: human body systems, genetics, cells, protists, forces/motion, forces/energy, atmosphere/weather, human impact.
NCFE Sci
Final grades!
2nd semester

3. Demo – hand-warmer
Explain the hand-warmer demo Ms.Garris showed.

4. Mixture of Gases in Air All Other Gases Argon = 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%

5. Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things:
It traps energy from the sun keeping the Earth warm.
The heat also keeps water in liquid form (good for life)
It protects Earth from dangerous radiation and meteor collisions.

6. Let’s make a model!
Write the notes ONTO the correct layer.
Add color to the layers and the pictures.
Cut out the layers and the pictures.
Assemble on your notebook paper.
**Be careful to place them low enough on the page so that they don’t stick out of the top of your binder!!**

7. Air pressure
Air pressure – the result of weight of a column of air pushing down on an area, measured by an instrument known as a barometer.
Barometer = Air pressure

8. Air Pressure at Different Altitudes
Magic Balloon: If I want it to be bigger, should I take it to the mountains or the beach?
Mountains (High altitude)
Sea Level (Low altitude)

9. HEAT TRANSFER

10. UNEVEN HEATING
The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by:
Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.)
Pollution in some areas
Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

11. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
WARMER
COOLER

12. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
COOLER
WARMER

13. Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend
small scale = daily, weekly, small times
Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth
small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

14. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

15. United States of America

16. Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

17. Water in the Atmosphere

18. Earth is called the “Water Planet”
71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
Water is essential for LIFE on earth.

19. Water Cycle
The movement of water between the atmosphere and earth’s surface is the water cycle.

20. How does water get into the air?
EVAPORATION – is the process where liquid water molecules escape into the air as water vapor.
3 things affect how quickly water evaporates:
1) Temperature
2) Wind
3) Humidity of the air

21. How much water can air hold?
HUMIDITY is the measure of how much water vapor is in the air.
TEMPERATURE affects how much water vapor the air can hold…
Warm Air
Cold Air
holds MORE water vapor.
holds LESS water vapor.
That’s why air feels more “HUMID” on hot days!

22. What is the “Dew Point”?
As air cools, the amount of water vapor it can hold decreases.
At a certain temperature, the water vapor in the air will CONDENSE back into water droplets or ice.
This temperature is the “DEW POINT”.

23. Air Masses & Fronts

24. What is an AIR MASS? WARM COLD WET DRY
An air mass is a huge body of air that influences weather.
Scientists classify air masses based on:
TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY
WARM
COLD
WET
DRY

25. How are Air Masses named?
WET
DRY
MARITIME
TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL
TROPICAL
WARM
MARITIME
POLAR
CONTINENTAL
POLAR
COLD

26. North American Air Masses
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

27. How do these air masses move?
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
Jet Stream
That’s why weather generally moves WEST to EAST
in the U.S.
Jet Stream
Prevailing Westerlies
Prevailing Westerlies
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

28. What happens when air masses meet?
Air masses don’t mix easily.
The line between air masses is called a front.

29. COLD FRONTS

30. WARM FRONTS

31. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass.
Scattered clouds.
Light rain or snow.
May last several days.
Stationary Front
Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff”
Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days.
Occluded Front
A warm air mass is caught between 2 cooler air masses. Warm air mass is pushed up.
Temperature gets cooler.
Clouds and rain may form.

32. What are CLOUDS? They are made of tiny water droplets or ice crystals.
They form when water condenses onto small particles in the air (like dust).

33. How TINY are the water droplets?

34. How do clouds form? 1) Warm, moist air rises and cools.
3) Water vapor condenses forming a cloud.
2) Air cools to dew point causing condensation.
How do clouds form?

35. Clouds are NOT all the same…

36. Clouds are classified according to SHAPE
Flat clouds =
“Stratus”
Fluffy clouds =
“Cumulus”
Wispy clouds =
“Cirrus”

37. Clouds are also classified by ALTITUDE
On your blue paper, draw the different types of clouds (using chalk and charcoal).
*Use your textbook (pg. 111) and the cloud charts.*
Label each type of cloud.
Paste the paper into your science notebook.
HIGH LEVEL (cirro-)
MID LEVEL (alto-)
LOW LEVEL (stratus)

38. Spot the cloud!
Low and flat …..
STRATUS

39. Spot the cloud!
Middle level,
fluffy …..
Alto-Cumulus

40. Spot the cloud!
High level,
wispy …..
Cirrus

41. Spot the cloud!
Rain bearing,
storm clouds …..
Cumulo-Nimbus

42. Cloud model
Color

43. Cut – on dotted lines (3 sides)
Cloud model
Cut – on dotted lines (3 sides)
You are creating a FLAP!

44. Cloud model
Trace boxes

45. Cloud model
Cut / paste boxes

46. Cloud model
Think / Share / COMPARE

47. Cloud model
Glue…finally

48. Surface Map (Fronts & Precipitation)
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

49. Temperature Map

50. Reading maps
Isobar…lines connecting areas of similar BAR-ometric pressure.
Isotherm…lines connecting areas of similar temperature.

51. H L What will happen to the weather in Little Rock?
Which direction is the warm front moving? L H
12°C
19°C
14°C
20°C
25°C
Tuesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Clouds & Rain
Warmer = 21°C
Wednesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Partly Sunny
Warmer = 26°C
Monday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Sun & clear skies
Cool = 15°C
28°C
21°C
26°C
15°C
30°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

52. Which direction is the cold front moving?
What will happen to the weather in Nashville?
10°C
8°C
18°C
10°C
11°C
Thursday Weather
Nashville, TN
Partly Sunny
Warm = 20°C
Saturday Weather
Nashville, TN
Sunny
Cool = 10°C
Friday Weather
Nashville, TN
Thunderstorms
Cooler = 15°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

53. Emergency ready?
List 5 items that you would pack into an emergency kit for each situation (5 per kit):
Hurricane - ?
Blizzard - ?
Flood - ?

54. Weather maps (CIBL)

63. Weather map

64. Weather Station Model Why not write it out in a paragraph?
How can we use symbols to help?

65. H A C Check the visual for Station # 1. Temp = A = 52 deg F
Wind direction = WEST H A
Wind speed = 20 knots
Temp = A = 52 deg F C
Dew Point = C = 46 deg F
Barometric Pressure = H = 064 millibars

66. Please list the FIVE most important things to have in an emergency weather preparedness kit.
What type of emergency weather?
For myself or a larger group?
For a few hours or for many days?
What were the reasons for today’s delay?
Let’s watch and see if we might have similar concerns to these Storm Stories.
We watched the Storm Stories episode labeled “Ice Storm” which highlighted a tornado but then went to a different story of a Canadian ice storm. Students may note that the ice was FOUR inches thick – not snow, but ice. Would it help to have a car? What dangers were faced? Did you notice that after powerlines collapsed – it looked a bit like Puerto Rico did after the fall hurricane season? Where could they go if they left their houses? If they come to the United States, are we using our tax money to help? Did they pay tax money to us?

67. Weather Station Model Look on page 259 in your textbook.
Find figure 15 (upper right) and copy it onto your paper.
Copy symbols and what each means.
Now turn to page 260 and look at the mini-lab (bottom).
Copy the symbols and interpret the weather for each station.
Why not write it out in a paragraph?
How can we use symbols to help?

68. H A C Check the visual for Station # 1. Temp = A = 52 deg F
Wind direction = WEST
Wind speed = 20 knots C
Temp = A = 52 deg F
Dew Point = C = 46 deg F
Barometric Pressure = H = 064 millibars

70. Hurricane Sandy
10/27/12- After sweeping across the Caribbean, causing at least 40 deaths in Cuba and Haiti, Hurricane Sandy is on a path toward the U.S. eastern coast. Currently projected to make landfall near Delaware early Tuesday, its 75-mph winds are already threatening the coast of North Carolina.
Because it is expected to collide with two winter weather systems as it progresses inland, meteorologists are predicting that it will bring torrential rain, high winds and up to two feet of snow. After landfall, it could advance throughout New England and the mid-Atlantic states.
Though it is impossible to be sure what will happen next, those who live on the Eastern seaboard should prepare for days without electricity. Extra food and water, plus emergency radios and spare batteries, should be on hand.

71. STATS
The hurricane caused tens of billions of dollars in damages; New York was most severely impacted due to damage to subways and roadway tunnels.
West Virginia and Tennessee received nearly three feet of snow as a result of the storm.
In New York and New Jersey, the storm surges were higher than 13 feet above the average low tide.
At the height of the storm, more than 7.5 million people were without power. For some residents, power would not return for weeks.
It is estimated that the storm caused $50 billion in losses, placing it among the worst disasters ever to hit the U.S.

72. Video Footage Link for video footage is embedded.

73. Hurricane names You have a list on your table… “Atlantic Names”
These are names given to the storms that are “born” in the Atlantic Ocean.
What patterns do you see?
Print a list per table – see “weather station centers Garris touch” as it has a hurricane name list included ( )

74. What do we “do” with a storm?
In the interest of information, we typically track a storm.
Path – and therefore ability to warn
Intensity – and again, ability to warn
By tracking we can better understand and predict. We know WHO to warn and WHAT type of warning to give (evacuate or just “hunker down”)

75. What do we “do” with a storm?
Tracking helps us to keep people safe, but it’s also helpful to analyze our reactions after the fact. If you have an emergency plan, more lives can be saved, recovery afterward is quicker. What if the plan doesn’t work? What if you don’t have a plan – wouldn’t analyzing reactions to previous storms help you to create an effective plan?

76. Hurricane Floyd Hit North Carolina September 1999
Hit about two weeks after Hurricane Dennis hit a similar path/area
Flood waters were more damaging than wind speeds
Let’s see the Storm Stories episode (disc 2)

77. Hurricane Dennis
Hurricane Floyd
TS and TD (up to 73)
Sept.8, 1999
Cat 1 (74-95)
Sept.16, 1999

78. Hurricane Katrina Hit New Orleans…which is below sea level
August (23-31), 2005
Hit about six weeks after Hurricane Dennis (of 2005)
Category 3…but was coming down from 5
Wind speeds of up to 175 mph
BIGGEST damage was after the storm…
Let’s see the Storm Stories episode (disc 5?)