1. Relationship between whole grain intake, chronic disease risk indicators, and weight status among adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Inyoung Hur, PhD: University of Minnesota Marla Reicks, PhD, RD: University of Minnesota
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

2. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Overview
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Whole grain intake is associated with health benefits among adults, but limited studies have assessed these relationships among adolescents
NHANES data were used in this study to examine relationships between whole grain intake and
Dietary intake
Weight status
Chronic disease risk indicators
Biochemical indices
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

3. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Total grain intake (oz eq)
P <0.05, For girls only
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

4. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Total energy intake (g)
P <0.05, for boys and girls
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

5. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Dietary fiber intake (g)
P <0.05, for boys and girls
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

6. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Total folate intake (μg)
P <0.05, for girls and boys
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

7. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Second Set of Models y y y y z z
Fasting insulin level (μU/mL)
P <0.05 for boys and girls, bars with different letters are significantly different
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

8. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Second Set of Models y y y y z
P <0.05, for boys and girls bars with different letters are significantly different
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
C-peptide (nmol/L) z
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

9. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Second Set of Models y y z
P <0.05, for boys only, bars with different letters are significantly different
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences
Homocysteine (μ mol/L)
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

10. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Second Set of Models z z yz
Serum folate (ng/mL)
P <0.05 for boys and girls, bars with different letters are significantly different
p-value reflects the probability of these differences occurring by chance across the three levels, using multiple regression analysis for differences y y y
Whole Grain Consumption (oz eq per day)
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).

11. Relationship between Whole-Grain Intake, Chronic Disease Risk Indicators, and Weight Status among Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
CONCLUSION
Whole-grain intake among adolescents was well below recommendations, however consumption was favorably associated with intake of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and total folate.
Results suggested that whole grain intake may also be favorably associated with risk factors for type 2 diabetes and CVD, although results varied by sex.
With higher whole-grain intake, fasting insulin levels were lower and serum and red blood cell folate levels were higher for boys and girls; however, C-peptide levels were lower for girls, and homocysteine concentrations were lower for boys.
-These findings provide support for current recommendations
to promote greater intake of whole grains among adolescents.
JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
Hur and Reicks J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112 (January).