1. Monday, September 21st and Tuesday, September 22nd American Literature
Standard 2 & 3
Turn in vocabulary Sentences. Test next class. Know the roots as well.
* Quizlet is a rad site to make flashcards and study vocab.
Discuss The Complexity of Fear and Turn in when finished.
Grammar – more notes and practice
Ethos, Pathos, Logos, notes and activity.
Go back to Sinners.

2. Grammar notes:
✓ Fragment: a phrase punctuated like a sentence even though it does not express a complete thought.➞ Timothy saw the car. And ran. ✓ Coordinating Conjunction: a word that when pre- ceded by a comma or a semicolon joins two inde- pendent and equal clauses. (and, but, so, or, for, nor, yet)➞Dorothy had a beautiful rose garden, and her yard was a profusion of color every summer.

3. ✓ Subordinating Conjunction: a word that makes a
clause a dependent clause (after, although, as, because, before, if, once, since, than, that, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while)➞After the accident, mourners covered the beaches nearest to the tragedy with roses.
✓ Conjunctive Adverb: a word that introduces a relationship between two independent clauses (accordingly, besides, consequently, furthermore, hence, however, instead, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, then, therefore, thus)➞On Tuesdays, I play racquet- ball; otherwise, I would go with you.

4. Answers
62. d. Although means “despite the fact that” or “even though.” Even though Sarah drives to the cabin all the time, she still gets nervous. The other choices do not convey this meaning. 63. a. Therefore best completes the sentence’s meaning; it creates a cause and effect relationship between how Lila is feeling (the cause) and her decision to stay home from work (the effect). 64. b. While suggests that two things are happening simultaneously; it is the only logical choice. Choice a implies that Sam could control when the doctor called him in. Choices c and d are unclear. 65. c. The sentence requires a condition—Ruby likes blueberry pie on one condition: freshly picked blueberries. Choice b can be ruled out because blueberry pie is not always made with freshly picked blueberries. Choices a and d result in unclear sentences. 66. a. However indicates an impending contradiction; it is the best choice because the two clauses compare musical tastes. In this case, the comparison contrasts Mitchell’s preference to Greg’s. 67. d. If you rearrange the sentence, it would read: If you sign up this week, you will receive a low annual fee and a 20% discount. In addition means and; it is the best choice. Choices a, b, and c result in an awkward construction.

5. 68. b. The two clauses make a reference to time— more specifically, to two different times. Choice b is the only logical response.
69. d. The golden retriever is never outside without a leash because the neighbor is afraid of dogs; one is the effect of the other. Consequently means following as an effect or as a result. This is the best choice.
70. a. This sentence speculates that quilts were made from fabrics taken from somewhere. Only from completes this idea.
71. d. This is the only choice that results in a complete and logical sentence. Choice a is illogical; choices b and c result in sentence fragments.
72. d. The conditional tense, would have heard, is the only one that logically fits with the second clause of the sentence.
73. c. The Beatles songs specifically named were pulled from a pool of titles. Only Among suggests the existence of many other things, in this case songs.

6. Persuasive Appeals Notes
Three different ways to prove your point

7. logos
Logical Appeals (logos)- convincing reasons and the logical evidence that supports those reasons
Facts
Statistics
Expert opinion
Example
Factual anecdote

8. pathos
Emotional Appeals (pathos)- used to stir feelings in the reader (i.e., happiness or anger)
Loaded words/language-
really positive or negative
sounding words
Short anecdote that plays
to audience’s emotions
Appeal to senses by including vivid sensory details (taste, smell, hearing, touch, sight)

9. ethos
Ethical Appeals (ethos)- based on character, credibility, and/or reliability of the author
Makes the audience believe the author is reasonable (willing to listen, compromise)
Demonstrates the author’s knowledge, credibility and/or expertise of the topic
Demonstrates that the writer “knows” the readers and respects them
Focuses more on the author, not the topic

10. While all three appeals can be used and/or analyzed separately, the strongest and most persuasive arguments use a mixture of all three appeals.
It is important that you consider who your audience is when you are using persuasive appeals.

11. Example using all three appeals:
We the youth of America, waste 15,000 hours watching TV by the time we graduate from high school.
Logos: use of statistic
Pathos: connotations of the words waste
Ethos: use of we to show reasonability

12. Now you try:
The animal shelter desperately needs your support. It is overflowing with lonely little kittens who spend their days mewing and whimpering and staring forlornly out of their cramped crates.
Emotional appeal (pathos)
I deserve the position because I have worked faithfully for the past 30 years. I always go above and beyond what is expected of me. I was even selected as “Employee of the Month.”
Ethical appeal (ethos)
According to a study by CNN, 28% of teenagers report that they could manage without a TV.
Logical appeal (logos)

13. Superhero Battle Activity
Each small group will be a different superhero.
The earth is in danger and you must choose one superhero to defend mankind as we know it.
Using logos, pathos, and ethos, your group must convince me that your superhero deserves the honor of saving the world.

14. Superhero Activity Poster
Superhero Name Logos Pathos Ethos 5 things in each column