1. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter
Classifying Matter
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties

2. What is Matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass.

3. There are different kinds of Matter
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Solutions
Colloids
Suspensions

4. A classification scheme for matter.
Solution
Suspension
Colloid

5. Pure Substances A substance is either an element or a compound.
Always has exactly the same composition.
Every sample has the same properties because it has a fixed, uniform composition.

6. Elements
If all the atoms in a substance are alike—then you are observing an element.
90 elements are naturally occurring, most are unstable.

7. Elements Each has a one or two letter symbol
First letter is always capitalized, second letter is lower case
Some have Latin names

8. Compounds
Materials that are made up of 2 or more elements combined in a definite or fixed proportion. (i.e., salt, sugar, water)
The ratio of different atoms, is always the same. Water (H2O) = 2-H
Compounds, generally, take on characteristics of their own and do not resemble the individual elements that compose them.
Can elements and compounds be separated by physical means? NO

9. Mixtures
A mixture is two or more substances mixed together, that can be separated by physical means (i.e., salt, water).
Composition varies.
Two main types of mixtures:
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

10. Homogeneous Mixtures Two or more substances blended evenly throughout.
Also called solutions, which remain constantly and uniformly mixed.
Examples:
Soda
Vinegar

11. Heterogeneous Mixtures
Do not always contain the same proportions of each ingredient.
Not every part of the mixture has the same composition.
Examples:
Granite
Dry soup mix
Trail mix

12. Suspension Heterogeneous mixtures.
Generally, there is a liquid with some sort of “stuff” that can settle out.

13. Colloids Colloids never settle. They are Heterogeneous Mixtures.
These particles are big enough to scatter light.
Examples:
Milk
Fog
paint

14. Fog A colloid composed of water droplets suspended in the air.
Particles in the air can scatter the light, making fog. (hard to see through)
The scattering is known as the “Tyndall Effect”.

15. Physical Properties
A physical property of a material is a characteristic that can be observed without changing the substances that make up or compose the material.

16. Physical Changes Change in:
Shape
State of matter (i.e., breaking chalk, freezing)
When a physical change occurs, the actual substance does not change.

17. Some Physical Properties
Describes:
Appearance (Color, Shape)
Measurements (Size)
Density
Melting point (State of Matter)
Boiling point (State of Matter)
Viscosity
Conductivity
Malleability
Hardness

18. Using Physical Properties
Physical properties can be used to separate mixtures.
- Filtration
- Distillation

20. Chemical Change The changing of one substance to another substance.
Change in:
Smell
Foaming
Light, sound, or heat
Examples—rusting & burning
Flammability
Reactivity
Change in color (Sometimes)
Formation of a precipitate

21. Chemical Properties
Are only seen when the substance is changing into a different substance.

22. Conservation of Mass Matter cannot be created or destroyed.
A burning log. Where does the mass go?