1. Nonpoint Source Pollution: Car Washings Contribution Karen Alden, MPH Student Walden University PUBH 6165-1 Instructor: Dr. Howard Rubin Spring, 2011

2. Objectives Define nonpoint source pollutants Identify how they enter our water supply Identify responsibility Define the problem Offer solutions

3. What is Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution? Natural Human-made Source: Environment Protection Agency (2010). What is nonpoint source pollution? Retrieved from www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html on April 15, 2010.www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html

4. How do NPS pollutants enter our water supply? Source: Environment Protection Agency (2010). What is nonpoint source pollution? Retrieved from www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html on April 15, 2010.www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html Crucial Car Pollutants Toxic Cleaning Solutions Polluted Wash Runoff Storm Drains Ashuelot/Connecticut Rivers

5. Our Responsibility! United States 25% of U.S. population are chronic car washers 27 million potential residential car wash polluters Keene Equivalent to 5,852 potential residential car wash polluters Source: S. EPA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (2010). Residential car washing. Retrieved from: cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&view=specific&bmp=96 on May 2, 2011.

6. …but 1 st a HISTORY National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Phase I, 1992 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Phase II, 1999 Dept of Ecology, 2008

7. The Problem with Residential Car Washing 55-70% of households wash their cars at home 60% of residents at least once a month 70-90% of residents indicated the car wash water drained into the street. Source: Environmental Protection Agency (2005). National management measures to control nonpoint source pollution from urban areas, Management measure 9: Pollution prevention. Retrieved from: water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/urban/upload/2005_12_08_NPS_urbanmm_urban_ch09.pdf on April 24, 2011.

8. The Problem with Car Wash Fundraising 2,000-7,000 gallons of water/event (2002) A single event equivalent to a 6,000 gallon sewage spill. Collectively equivalent to 23 Exxon Valdez oil spills/yr in the continental U.S. (2002) Source: New England Car Wash Association (2009). Answers to consumer questions about car washing. Retrieved from: www.newenglandcarwash.org/feature/2733/answers-to-consumer-questions-about-car-washing.htm on May 2, 2011.

9. The Pollutants Crucial Pollutants Petroleum hydrocarbon waste Gasoline, diesel, motor oil, fluids, lubricants Nutrients Phosphorous and nitrogen Ammonia Surfactants Solids Source: City of Federal Way Public Works Dept./Surface Water Management Division (2009). Residential car washwater monitoring study.

10. What Harm Do These Pollutants Cause? Petroleum hydrocarbon waste Highly toxic Harm through contact, ingestion, destruction of ecosystem Quantity toxic substance/Affected Surface Area Ratio Nutrients Promotion of eutrophication Promotion of algal blooms Source: City of Federal Way Public Works Dept./Surface Water Management Division (2009). Residential car washwater monitoring study.

11. What Harm Do These Pollutants Cause? (cont.) Ammonia Toxicity to fish Surfactants Toxicity to aquatic life Solids Most common pollutant Decrease suitability for humans and aquatic life Source: City of Federal Way Public Works Dept./Surface Water Management Division (2009). Residential car washwater monitoring study.

12. Car Washing Pollution Solutions Prevention Pollution Program Development Residents Charity Organizations Car Wash Businesses Containment Equipment Available Catch-basin insert with sump pump Vacuum/boom device Bubble Buster

13. Car Washing Pollution Solution Costs Containment Equipment Catch basin insert Approx $65 Vacuum/boom device Bubble Buster Ranging $2,000 - $2,500 Source: U.S. EPA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (2010). Residential car washing. Retrieved from: cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&view=specific&bmp=96 on May 2, 2011.

14. Car Washing Pollution Solution Costs (cont.) Staffing/Materials Sound Car Wash Program-Kitsap County, WA (25 wk program) Staff time 1-15 hrs/wk Materials and Equipment $1,500 to 3,000 Clean Bay Car Wash Kits Program-Tacoma, WA (annual program) Staff time < 2 wks/yr Equipment $2,000/yr Source: U.S. EPA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (2010). Residential car washing. Retrieved from: cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&view=specific&bmp=96 on May 2, 2011.

15. Car Washing Pollution Solution Savings 75,000 U.S. professional car wash operators Specialized technology Federal compliance of environmentally harmful substances 1 million gallons saved/1 professional car wash operator Source: New England Car Wash Association (2009). Answers to consumer questions about car washing. Retrieved from: www.newenglandcarwash.org/feature/2733/answers-to-consumer-questions-about-car-washing.htm on May 2, 2011.

16. Connecticut River Watershed

17. Additional Sources www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatudo.html www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/solution_to_pollution.pdf National Management Measures to Control NPS from Urban Areas, water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/urban/upload/2005_12_08_NPS_urbanmm_urban_ch09.pdf National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, www.noaa.gov.www.noaa.gov Residential Car Washwater Monitoring Study, http://www.carwash.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/2009%20FW%20CarWash%20water%20Monitoring%20 Study.pdf http://www.carwash.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/2009%20FW%20CarWash%20water%20Monitoring%20 Study.pdf Stormwater strategies: Community responses to runoff pollution.www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap2.aspwww.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap2.asp University of New Hampshire Stormwater Center, www.unh.edu/unhsc.www.unh.edu/unhsc

18. References City of Federal Way, Public Works Department, Surface Water Management Division (2009). Residential car washwater monitoring study. Retrieved from http://www.carwash.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/2009%20FW%20CarWash%20water%20Monitoring%20Study.pd f on May2, 2011. http://www.carwash.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/2009%20FW%20CarWash%20water%20Monitoring%20Study.pd f Environmental Protection Agency (2003). Making your home the solution to stormwater pollution: A homeowners guide to healthy habits for clean water. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/solution_to_pollution.pdf on April 24, 2011.www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/solution_to_pollution.pdf Environmental Protection Agency (2005). National management measures to control nonpoint source pollution from urban areas, Management measure 9: Pollution prevention. Retrieved from water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/urban/upload/2005_12_08_NPS_urbanmm_urban_ch09.pdf on April 24, 2011. Environment Protection Agency (2010). What is nonpoint source pollution? Retrieved from www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html on April 15, 2010. www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatis.html Environmental Protection Agency (2010). What you can do to prevent NPS pollution. Retrieved from www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatudo.html on April 15, 2010. www.epa.gov/owow_keep/NPS/whatudo.html Massachusetts Energy & Environmental Affairs (2011). Connecticut river watershed. Retrieved from www.mass.gov/?pageID=eoeeaterminal&L=4&L0=Home&L1=Air%2C+Water+%26+Climate+Change&L2=Preserving+Water+ Resources&L3=Massachusetts+Watersheds&sid=Eoeea&b=terminalcontent&f=eea_water_connecticut&csid=Eoeea on May 15, 2011 www.mass.gov/?pageID=eoeeaterminal&L=4&L0=Home&L1=Air%2C+Water+%26+Climate+Change&L2=Preserving+Water+ Resources&L3=Massachusetts+Watersheds&sid=Eoeea&b=terminalcontent&f=eea_water_connecticut&csid=Eoeea

19. References (cont.) Natural Resources Defense Council (1999). Stormwater strategies: Community responses to runoff pollution. Retrieved from www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap2.asp on May 2, 2011. www.nrdc.org/water/pollution/storm/chap2.asp New England Car Wash Association (2009). Answers to consumer questions about car washing. Retrieved from www.newenglandcarwash.org/feature/2733/answers-to-consumer-questions-about-car-washing.htm on May 2, 2011. www.newenglandcarwash.org/feature/2733/answers-to-consumer-questions-about-car-washing.htm National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (2003). Perspectives on the coastal nonpoint program. Retrieved from www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag112.htm on May 15, 2011. www.magazine.noaa.gov/stories/mag112.htm United States Census Bureau (2010). American factfinder. Retrieved from factfinder2.census.gov on March 23, 2010. United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (2010). Residential car washing. Retrieved from U.S. EPA, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (2010). Residential car washing. Retrieved from cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/index.cfm?action=factsheet_results&view=specific&bmp=96 on May 2, 2011.