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Chapter 3: Migration Unit 2
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Migration A type of mobility Emigration Immigration
Migration is a permanent move to a new location Migration = relocation diffusion Emigration Immigration
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Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed?
International Net Migration Largest flows of migrants Net-In Migration Net-Out Migration Migration Transition
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Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed?
Distance of migration International migration Two types: Voluntary Forced Internal migration Interregional migration = movement from one region to another Intraregional migration = movement within a region
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Where Are the World’s Migrants Distributed?
U.S. migration patterns Three main eras of migration Colonial migration from England and Africa Nineteenth to early twentieth century immigration from Europe Late twentieth to early twenty-first century immigration from LDCs
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Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?
Migration between regions of a country U.S. settlement patterns Colonial settlement Early settlement in the interior (early 1800s) California Gold Rush in the 1840s Great Plains settlement Recent growth of the South
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Where Do People Migrate Within a Country?
Intraregional migration in the United States Migration from rural to urban areas Primary reason = economic migration Migration from urban to suburban areas Primary reason = suburban lifestyle Migration from urban to rural areas Counterurbanization
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Why Do People Migrate? Reasons for migration
Most people migrate for economic reasons Push and pull factors Economic: people move away from places with poor economic opportunities and toward places with better ones Cultural factors Forced migration (e.g., slavery, refugees) Political factors Environmental factors
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Why Do People Migrate? Push vs. Pull Factors
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Why Do People Migrate? Forced Migration = Cultural Reasons
Refugee Internally Displaced Person (IDP) Asylum Seeker Environmental Issues Intervening Obstacle Then vs. Now? Voluntary Migration = Work and Money
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Why Do People Migrate? Characteristics of migrants
Most long-distance migrants are Male Adults Individuals Families with children = less common Gender Traditionally, males outnumbered females In the United States today, 55 percent of immigrants = female Family status In the United States today, about 50 percent of immigrants = young adults, aged 20–39
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Why Do Migrants Face Challenges?
Impact of immigration on the United States Unauthorized immigration 2014 = estimated 11.3 million unauthorized/ undocumented immigrants Distribution: California and Texas Source Country? Children Labor Force 8 million employed in the U.S. 5% of total labor force Construction and hospitality industries
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Why Do Migrants Face Challenges?
Immigration policies of host countries U.S. quota laws Family reunification Skilled workers Diversity Brain drain Chain migration
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Why Do Migrants Face Challenges?
U.S.-Mexico Border Issues Nearly 2,000 miles Wall covers ¼ of the border Policy Disputes: Border Patrols Workplace Civil Rights Local Initiatives Sanctuary City
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Why Do Migrants Face Challenges?
Europe’s Immigration Crisis 40 million foreign born residents Guest worker programs Hostility Why? Diffusion of European culture through early migration Examples?
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