1. Ratification: Approving the Constitution
13 Battles, One State at a Time

2. The Goal: 9 out of 13…kind of

3. Each state became a separate battle
Some states ratified the Constitution easily
Some states had more difficulty ratifying
Some states held out for additions or changes (amendments)

4. The Debate Rages On… Federalists Anti-Federalists
Fully Supported Ratification of the Constitution
Generally more popular in the Northern States and Larger States
Some completely against it
Some would support if something were added…
Generally more popular in Southern States and Smaller States

6. The Game Changer: The Bill of Rights
Due to the demands/protests of anti-federalists James Madison and other leading Federalists promise to add a Bill of Rights: a list of rights guaranteed to all citizens

7. Let’s Get Down to Business!

8. 1789: The Year of Firsts First Congress Elected
First President Elected
“Mr. Precedent”
Met in New York City
Had Some Work to Do!