1. Effective Tools & Techniques for PSMA implementation
GFETW 2019
Bradley Soule – Chief Fisheries Analyst at OceanMind

2. It creates the need for governments to:
PSMA requirements
The effective implementation of the PSMA is a requirement in overcoming the problem of IUU fishing.
It creates the need for governments to:
process significant new volumes of information
correctly interpret big data from tracking technologies
understand the ever changing fisheries regimes of different countries across the planet
Technology
Insight
Article 6 of the PSMA (Cooperation and exchange of information) calls for each party to cooperate and exchange information with other states, regional fisheries bodies, and other intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) to support the conservation and management measures of other states and IGOs. This means that a party to the PSMA could check compliance with any fishery regulation in the world for a vessel pulling into their ports. Then in Article 16, the PSMA call for each party to “establish a communication mechanism that allows for direct electronic exchange of information, with due regard to appropriate confidentiality requirements.” These two provisions, along with similar opportunities in the PSMA, create the need for governments to process and understand significant new volumes of information to understand the activities of all fishing vessels visiting their ports, even those that did not fish in their waters.

3. PSMA implementation in thailand
Every year approximately 400 foreign-flagged vessels make deliveries of fish products to Thai ports
400 foreign vessels
Each refrigerated cargo vessel receives catch from between 5 to 15 donor fishing vessels
15 donor fishing vessels each
Thailand receives 805,801 tonnes and exports 481,748 tonnes of Tuna each year
805,801 tonnes
Look for indicators of vessels entering the country without reporting
Un-declared port visits

4. PSMA implementation in thailand
Export
Offload controls
Allow or deny offload
Onboard investigation in port
Allow or deny entry to port
AREP risk assessment used to target investigation

5. AREP analysis and risk assessment
Verify identity
Tracking analysis to confirm vessel activity
Confirm donor vessel catch areas
Confirm transhipment port and dates
At-sea proximity analysis
Identify risks in vessel behaviour (slow speeds, gaps)
Compliance with regulations, closed areas/closed seasons
Compliance with licenses/ authorisations
Recommendations for follow-up investigation
Produce overall risk assessment
OceanMind has been supporting Thailand’s DOF and industry by analysing advance requests to enter ports (AREPs) to verify the legality of the catch onboard and provide a robust risk assessment for every vessel.
OceanMInd cross checks activity reported on the AREP with observed activity.
AREP risk analysis involves many variables, including: vessel identity, tracking data and activity, and compliance with permits and regulations. Observations must be cross-checked with the reported information to create a risk profile so that port inspectors can target higher risk vessels and maximise their inspection resources and conduct targeted outreach to coastal and flag states
Lessons learned for how to conduct this analysis and communicate results.

6. Foreign-flagged vessels landing in Thailand
This is the AIS tracks on all foreign flagged vessels that submitted AREPs in 2018 – 230 AREPs in total for 2018

7. Gaps in information identified and recommendations for follow-up
Target Investigation
Gaps in information identified and recommendations for follow-up
Gaps in positional data = request VMS
Confirm valid fishing licenses
Confirm trip dates
Last port call / high risk port calls
Authorities outreach to coastal and flag states to verify legality
Empowers the port state to make informed decisions on whether to allow a vessel to enter port for a thorough inspection
This data analysis and risk assessment supports effective enforcement by helping the port state make informed decisions on whether to allow a vessel to enter port, as well as informing buyers on the possible risks identified for that shipment.
If risks are adequately mitigated at this stage, the authorities will allow entry to port for inspection

8. Target inspection in port
Risks further mitigated by onboard inspection
Check logbooks
Check hatch temperature logbooks
Check original documents
Master / crew interview
Check s
Port declarations
Transhipment declarations
Navigation devices
Allow or deny offload

9. Lessons learnt Need for rapid and quality pre-arrival analysis
Frequent missing data which needs follow-up action (time-consuming)
Need for partnerships to quickly attain missing data
Ability to swiftly research other fisheries regions
IUU lists have limitations - this analysis detects ongoing problems that won't have led to IUU listing yet
IUU Lists don't provide much value as they are mainly about poor prosecutions and government response. This is about ongoing problems that won't have led to IUU listing. IUU listing does NOT equal possible IUU fishing.

10. PORTSTATES.ORG
Concept for a national-level tool to assist implementation of PSMA through public-private partnerships
Web-based service for governments, seafood suppliers and seafood receivers to collectively use in order to implement PSMA to share information, lower costs, and increase compliance
Portal to conduct pre-arrival analysis of vessel of interest activities and reporting of risks
Engaging the private sector in the risk assessment process to know and understand the legitimacy or risks of the products they are purchasing
Web-based service for governments, seafood suppliers and seafood receivers to collectively use in order to implement Port State Measures to share information, lower costs, and increase compliance.
Portal to conduct pre-arrival analysis of vessel of interest activities
Compliance risks identified using the pre-arrival AREP analysis
Automated reporting of risks and overall risk assessment
Engaging the private sector in the risk assessment process to know and understand the legitimacy or risks of the products they are purchasing.

11. PORTSTATES.ORG USER GROUPS
Suppliers
Simplified way to enter information
Incorporate other information on labour, health, and customs
Update inputs to validate claims
Port State Governments
Distribute automated indicators of non-compliance to authorities
Inspectors can use risk profiling to target inspections
Notification of arrivals that have not been declared
Flag / Coastal State Governments
Method to securely communicate and receive additional information
Must be aligned with PSMA information exchange mechanism
Receivers/ Processors/ Retailers
Receiver knows the risks
Claims validated
Access to the risk assessments provide 3rd party validation
SUPPLIERS:
Update inputs, such as permit authorisations, transhipments reports, or VMS data to validate claims
PORT STATES GOVERNMENTS
Notification of arrivals that have not been declared using other data (e.g AIS)
Receivers/ Processors/ Retailers
Receiver knows what risks the government has been made aware of
Receiver entering of information from a supplier to have the claims validated to identify risk
specifically, Article 6 of the PSMA (Cooperation and exchange of information) calls for each party to cooperate and exchange information with other states, regional fisheries bodies, and other intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) to support the conservation and management measures of other states
Encourage a culture of compliance across the global seafood supply chain by delivering benefits through compliance to all stakeholders from the owners of the resource in the coastal state all the way to the retailers selling the product to consumers.
Leverages PSMA to be more market driven
Heightens shipment level knowledge in supply chains
Creates transparency on compliance risks that governments may accept but buyers won’t
Foster collaboration between all parties
Cross-reference and validate large amounts data, including open source and proprietary track movements
Provide vessel identity and owner/operator information to highlight inconsistencies or abnormalities that may indicate risk
Facilitate sharing of the relevant information to all concerned parties
Encourage a culture of compliance across the global seafood supply chain by delivering benefits through compliance to all stakeholder
NEXT STEPS
Working with Thai DOF and industry to build prototype based on cooperation to date
Look for other governmental and industry partners that are interested in trialling the concept

12. Thank You