1. Aim: What are the 3 classes of elements?
Do Now: Explain in terms of valence electrons why beryllium and magnesium have similar chemical properties.

2. Three Classes of Elements
1.Metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Inner Transition Metals
2.Metalloids
3.Nonmetals
Halogen
Noble Gases

4. Location on Periodic Table
Metals to the left of metalloids
Metalloids on stair-steps
Nonmetals to the right of metalloids
**Hydrogen is a nonmetal

5. Based on the images of a metal, nonmetal, and metalloid, try to fill in as much of the table
Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

6. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Appearance
Shiny/luster
dull
Can be shiny or dull
Hardness
Hard
Brittle
Malleability
Malleable
Not malleable
Ductility
Ductile
Not ductile
Conduction
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Good conductor of electricity
Poor conductor of heat
State of Matter at room temp/
Solid (except mercury is a liquid)
Some gases
Some solid
Only bromine is a liquid
solid
Density
High
Low
Medium
Melting/Boiling Point

8. Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metal
Alkali Metals Group 1
Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
Most active metals
react vigorously with water to produce H2(g)
Reactivity increases as you go down this group
Second most active metals

9. Sodium + Water

11. Transition Metals and Inner Transition Metals Groups 3-12
hard solids, exception mercury (Hg) is a liquid
high melting points
Form colored compounds.
less reactive than alkali metals

12. Transition Metals in Compounds

14. Metalloids
They can be found adjacent to the stair-step line in the periodic table.
Have physical properties similar to those of metals and chemical properties nonmetals.

15. Metalloids Cont. boron (B) silicon (Si) germanium (Ge) arsenic (As)
antimony (Sb)
tellurium (Te)
polonium (Po)

17. Halogens Group 17
have 7 valence electrons
most active non-metals
Chemical reactivity decreases as you go down the group
Form diatomic (2 atoms bonded) molecules

18. Properties of Halogens
Reactivity decreases as you go down a group.

21. Noble Gases Group 18 Colorless gases
Do not chemically react with other elements (inert or stable) because of full outer shell
Have 8 electrons in the valence shell which is a very stable electron configuration
Considered a full outer shell
Usually do not bond with other atoms
Are monoatomic (un-bonded single atoms)

24. Which nonmetal is more reactive, fluorine or neon? Explain.
Although neon has just one more electron than fluorine in its outer energy level, that one electron makes a huge difference. Fluorine needs one more electron to fill its outer energy level in order to have the most stable arrangement of electrons. Therefore, fluorine readily accepts an electron from any element that is equally “eager” to give one up, such as the metal lithium or sodium. As a result, fluorine is highly reactive. In fact, reactions with fluorine are often explosive. Neon, on the other hand, already has a full outer energy level. It is already very stable and never reacts with other elements. It neither accepts nor gives up electrons. Neon doesn’t even react with fluorine, which reacts with all other elements except helium.