1. The EUCAARI / EMEP Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Team
Available Hourly Measurements from the EMEP/EUCAARI Intensive Campaigns
Eiko Nemitz
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), United Kingdom
On behalf of
The EUCAARI / EMEP Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Team

2. Real-Time Sites AMS: NR PM1 – NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Org Mass
June ‘06
Jan/Feb ’07
April/May ‘08
Sep/Oct ‘08
Feb/Mar ’09
Auchencorth/Bush UK
Q-AMS/IC IC
Harwell/Chilbolton
HR-AMS/IC
Hyytiala FI
C-AMS
C-AMS/NH3
Puijo
Q-AMS
Helsinki (urban)
HR-AMS
Vavihill SE
Cabauw NL
Melpitz DE
Payerne CH
Q-AMS/NH3
Jungfraujoch
Mace Head IR
Puy de Dome FR
Ispra IT
San Pietro Capof.
Q-AMS/HR-AMS
Finokalia GR
K-Puszta HU
Barcelona (urban) ES
Montseny
AMS: NR PM1 – NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Org Mass
IC: water soluble components in PM2.5 or PM10: NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mg2+) + gas-phase NH3, HNO3, HCl, SO2

3. Thermal Vaporization & Electron Impact Ionization
The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) Non-refractory components to PM1
Particle Beam
Particle
Aerodynamic Sizing
Generation
Composition
Thermal Vaporization &
Electron Impact Ionization
The particles enter the AMS and are focused by an aerodynamic lens into a tight beam (<1 mm diameter). In the size range nm we get 100% of the particles transmitted from the inlet to the detector.
The chopper wheel defines the beginning of a time-of-flight period. Smaller particles move faster, so when a packet travels from chopper to detector, the smallest ones arrive first.
The detector consists of a 600 degree C oven that flash vaporizes the particles. The oven is located inside the ionizer region of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Most of the gas phase molecules are lost in the first chamber of the AMS, so what reaches the ionizer is almost exclusively material that was in the particle phase.
Can use single ion monitoring mode to get quantitative information about single particles, or scan the quadrupole to get complete MS of average particles.
Jayne et al., Aerosol Science Technology 33:1-2(49-70), 2000.

4. What does the AMS measure?
Inlet
100% transmission 60 – 600 nm
close to PM1
Detected species:
Non-refractory (flash-volatilise at 600ºC)
Good for NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl
Information on how neutralised the aerosol is
Organic mass (rather than organic carbon), C/H/O ratios at some sites
Time-series of organic components (HOA, OOA, BOA)
Size distributions

5. What do the IC systems measure?
MARGA, GRAEGOR, denuder-SJAC, PILS
Used in campaigns, but increasing long-term datasets:
Auchencorth, Harwell, Melpitz, Cabauw
Various inlets used: PM1, PM2.5, PM10, TSP
close to PM1
Total soluble gases / aerosol
Comparable to filter extraction, but good NH4NO3 measurement
Some potential interferences:
Potential positive interference on HONO (under high NOx & SO2)
Potential interferences for NH3/NH4+ from amines?
Others?

6. Aerosol Components & AMS     

7. Interpretation of AMS Data
AMS Component
Model Component
NH4+
NO3-
NH4NO3-NO3- (aNO3)
SO42-
NSS-SO42-
Cl-
NH4Cl-Cl- (tail of NaCl?)
Org
PM1 Organic Mass (H/C/O/N)
HOA (Hydrocarbon-like …)
POA from combustion sources
OOA (Oxygenated …)
SOA
BOA (Biomass burning …)
BOA
H/C/O ratios
IC PM10 NO3- - AMS-NO3-
Coarse NO3-
IC PM10 SO42- - AMS-SO42-
SS-SO42-

8. Data on EBAS http://ebas.nilu.no/ Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Instrument: AMS
Matrix: pm1_nonref
MARGA, GRAEGOR, denuder/SJAC
Instrument: online_IC
Matrixes: air, pm10, pm25, pm10_pm25

9. Campaign Averages: Absolute composition of NR-PM1
(* Data not yet available)

10. April/May 2008 – Common Relative Scale

11. Sep/Oct 2008 – Common Scale

12. Feb/Mar 2009 – Common Scale

13. Data Availability AMS Data Other Data for EUCAARI/EMEP sites
Ratified AMS bulk time-series data on EBAS (end of June)
Access to full database requires signing of EUCAARI Data Agreement
Involve measurement community in interpretation of model results!
Suggest that compiled database will also be available from me
Organic factor time series (HOA, OOA, BOA) available end of 2010
Other Data for EUCAARI/EMEP sites
Meteorological
EC/BC
Aerosol size-distributions (SMPS)
PM2.5/PM10
Gas-phase (e.g. MARGA) - status?
Include data from other networks?
e.g. Dutch NH3 network …

14. Real-Time Sites AMS: NR PM1 – NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Org Mass
June ‘06
Jan/Feb ’07
April/May ‘08
Sep/Oct ‘08
Feb/Mar ’09
Auchencorth/Bush UK
Q-AMS/IC IC
Harwell/Chilbolton
HR-AMS/IC
Hyytiala FI
C-AMS
C-AMS/NH3
Puijo
Q-AMS
Helsinki (urban)
HR-AMS
Vavihill SE
Cabauw NL
Melpitz DE
Payerne CH
Q-AMS/NH3
Jungfraujoch
Mace Head IR
Puy de Dome FR
Ispra IT
San Pietro
Q-AMS/HR-AMS
Finokalia GR
K-Puszta HU
Barcelona (urban) ES
Montseny
AMS: NR PM1 – NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, Org Mass
IC: water soluble components in PM2.5 or PM10: NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-, (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mg2+) + gas-phase NH3, HNO3, HCl, SO2

15. Contributors
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UK): Chiara Di Marco, Gavin Phillips, Eiko Nemitz
Paul Scherrer Institute (CH): Andre Prevot, Peter De Carlo, Claudia Mohr, Valentin Lanz
Edinburgh University (UK): Massimo Vieno
University of Helsinki (FI): Mikko Äijälä, Mikael Ehn, Heikki Juninen
University of Clermont-Ferrand (FR): Karine Sellegri, Ralf Weigel, Evelyn Freney
University of Eastern Finland (FI): Petri Tiitta, Tomi Raatikainen, Ari Laaksonen
Institute for Tropospheric Research (DE): Laurent Poulain, Gerald Spindler, Hartmut Herrmann
Jülich Research Centre (DE): Amewu Mensah, Astrid Kiendler-Scharr, Thomas Mentel
National University Ireland, Galway (IR): Manuel Dall’Osto, Harald Berresheim, Darius Ceburnis, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Colin O’Dowd
University of Manchester (UK): James Allan, Gerard Capes, Hugh Coe, Gordon McFiggans, Tom Choularton
Lund University (SE): Joakim Pagels, Axel Eriksson, Erik Swietlicki
Univ. Colorado, Boulder (USA): Jose Jimenez, Donna Sueper, Mike Cubison, Amber Ortega, Sanna Saarikoski
Aerodyne Research Inc. (USA): Doug Worsnop, Sally Ng
Finish Meteorological Institute (FI): Tomi Raatikainen, Samara Carbone, Ari Laaksonen
Carnegie Mellon Univ. (USA): Lea Hildebrand
University of Patras (GR): Spyros Pandis
Energy Centre of the Netherlands (ECN): Rene Otjes
JRC Ispra: Jean-Philippe Putaud

16. Campaign Averages: Relative Composition of NR-PM1
Larger chloride contribution in 3rd campaign – solid fuel burning or partitioning?
(* Data not yet available)