1. Solid
The particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together.

2. Types of Solids
Use the Venn diagram to compare the characteristics of amorphous and crystalline solids.

3. Liquid
Liquid takes the shape of its container, but its volume does not change.

4. Gas
A gas takes the shape and volume of its container.

5. Calculating Pressure
The pressure of gas is the force of its outward push divided by by the area of the walls of its container.
When calculating pressure, force is measured in newtons (N). If the area is measured in square meters (m2), pressure is expressed in pascals (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m2. Suppose a gas exerts a force of 252 N on a piston having an area of m2. What is the pressure on the piston in Pascals?

6. Temperature of a Gas
Why do hot gas particles move faster than cold gas particles?

7. Liquid to a Gas
The graph shows the temperature of a small pot of water on a stove set to high heat.

8. Melting
Which circle of molecules represents water, and which represents ice?

9. Types of Vaporization
Liquid water changes to water vapor by either evaporation or boiling. What are the types of vaporization occurring in each flask?

10. The Changing States of Water
Why does a substance change states?

11. Temperature and Gas Pressure
When a gas is heated in a closed, rigid container, the particles move faster and collide more often. How would the change in pressure of the gas be shown on each pressure gauge?

12. Cooling a Balloon
The volume of a gas-filled balloon decreases as temperature decreases and then increases as temperature increases.

13. Charles’s Law
How would the gas particles and piston look at the different higher temperatures?

14. Temperature and Gas Volume
The data shown in the table are plotted on the graph.

15. Boyle’s Law
As weights are added to the top of each piston, the piston moves farther down in the cylinder. Rank the pressure and the volume in each of the cylinders.

16. Graphing Boyle’s Law
Use the data to make a line graph. What would be a good title for the graph?