1. ELEC-E8423 - Smart Grid Role of DR storages and hydrogen in future energy systems
Lóránt Katona-Farnas

2. Smart grid Hydrogen Fuel cell Introduction Characteristics Production
Storage, distribution and use
Fuel cell

3. Smart grid Role and scope
Facilitate the transition towards a zero-carbon emissions society
Incorporates an energy management system EMS which optimize the operation and ensures power balance, taking into account technical and economic criteria
Challenges
Integration and management of the intermittent generation capacity associated with renewables (mostly solar and wind)
Integrated hydrogen solutions
Hybrid smart grid that incorporates renewable energy sources, electrolyser, battery bank, Fuel Cell, metal tanks

4. Charecteristics of Hydrogen as energy carrier
It may be produced in virtually unlimited quantities using renewable resources.
As a gas can be transported over long distances via pipelines as cheaply as electricity
Burned in an internal combustion engine it produces almost zero exhaust and the only by-product is water
High cost of fuel cells as well as of hydrogen produced from low carbon routes
Difficulties in establishing a market for hydrogen and fuel cells in the absence of hydrogen distribution network.
Difficulties of onboard storage of hydrogen
Cost reduction and durability improvement are essential to deploy this technology in large-scale EES applications

5. Hydrogen production technologies
Electrolysis
Conversion efficiency of the electrolyser is still poor. The higher the pressure of the processes, the higher the efficiency obtained. The produced hydrogen is very pure
Steam reforming (methane, biogas,biomass, etc)
Gasification of coal

6. Hydrogen storage and distribution
Due to low energy density by volume, creates significant storage challenges. Generally storage is in compressed or liquefied form. It can also be stored in large amounts for extended periods of time
Distribution: via pipelines, liquid hydrogen is hauled using tanker trucks

7. Paths of hydrogen use Directly as fuel Fuel cells
Combustion engine: turbine, ICE
Feedstock
Hydrocracking or sulphur removal, and in ammonia production
Biological or chemical processes for synthetic gas production
Blended with natural gas
2-10% direct injection

8. Stationary Fuel cells and CHP
They are compact enough to be applied on the distribution and end-user level and are able to deliver their nominal power for as much hydrogen as is available
They are a flexible, modular technology that can easily be scaled up
Reduced maintenance requirements due to the absence of moving parts
Are able to withstand immediate load changes from stand still
Leading markets are roughly doubling in size year on year, and in 2012 fuel cells outsold engine-based micro-CHP systems for the first time, taking 64% of the global market

9. Transportation. Fuel cell EV and Battery EV
In transportation in the near future Fuel cell EV cannot compete with Battery EV but can have significant role
Battery development vs distribution and refuelling station network and on-board storage of hydrogen

10. Conclusion
There is potential however, the technology has not reached yet it’s maturity
For price reduction incentives and furthure research are needed
Better social perception and acceptance
It’s sustainable only if uses green or otherwise waste electricity
Use of rare precious metals as catalysts, with yet undeveloped recycling system

11. Source material used
Luo, X.; Wang, J.; Dooner, M.; Clarke, J. Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation. Appl. Energy 2015, 137, 511–536
J. M. Andújar, F. Segura, M. Á. Martínez. A Renwable Sources-Based Smart Grid Using Hydrogen as Backup. Optimization Criteria for the Energy Management
Dan Gao, Dongfang Jiang, Pei Liu, Zheng Li, Sangao Hu, Hong Xu. An integrated energy storage system based on hydrogen storage: Process configuration and case studies with wind power
P. Patel, F. Jahnke, L. Lipp, T. Abdallah and N. Josefik. Fuel Cells And Hydrogen For Smart Grid
Hydrogen Energy Storage: Grid Transportation Services. NREL. 2015
Stavros Lazarou and Sofoklis Makridis. Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Smart Grid Applications
Hydrogen Storage. Hydrogen Europe.
Intergrated Gasification Fischer-Tropsch Process.
Energy and Mines.

12. Thank you for your attention
Questions ?