1. AUTOMATED DRIVING PUT NEW DEMANDS ON DRIVING EVALUATION METHODS
Camilla Grane
Ph.D. in Engineering Psychology
Luleå University of Technology
SWEDEN

2. NEW PROJECT NES 2012 MODAS – Methods for Designing Autonomous Systems
Presented a developed method for evaluating driving performance
Stas Krupenia representing SCANIA AB (trucks) asked ”what if the vehicles are autonomous”
MODAS – Methods for Designing Autonomous Systems
Scania
The Interactive Institute
Uppsala University
Luleå University of Technology

3. The NES Conference is great!!!
NEW PROJECT
NES 2012
Presented a developed method for evaluating driving performance
Stas Krupenia representing SCANIA AB (trucks) asked ”what if the vehicles are autonomous”
MODAS – Methods for Designing Autonomous Systems
Scania
The Interactive Institute
Uppsala University
Luleå University of Technology
The NES Conference is great!!!

4. LEVELS OF AUTOMATED DRIVING
Assisting features
Cruise control
ABS-breaking …
Semi-autonomous driving
The car direct or take over action when needed
Autonomous driving
The car is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input

5. “THE SELF-DRIVING CAR IS LESS THAN A DECADE AWAY”
Alan Taub, vice president of Global Research and Development at General Motors,
GM,

6. AUTONOMOUS CARS

7. MEANING, KITT WILL BECAME REALITY
Autonomous car in Knight Rider, 1982

8. ALREADY HISTORY (AS DEMO CARS)
1926: Achen Motor demonstrated the radio-controlled "phantom motor car" at the streets of Milwaukee …
1960: RCA Corporation demonstrated a driverless car which drove on an "electronic highway" – a road with electronics built into the asphalt that could determine the presence and velocity of any metallic vehicle on its surface.
2001: the US Government demonstrated the ability of unmanned ground vehicles to navigate miles of difficult off-road terrain, avoiding obstacles such as rocks and trees.
Today there are several autonomous demonstration cars

9. ONE EXAMPLE…
BMW 5-series CDC ConnectedDrive Connect

10. THE FUTURE IS CLOSE

11. THE FUTURE IS CLOSE
The 2014 Mercedes S-Class will have the option of autonomous steering, breaking, lane guidance, accident avoidance, and driver fatigue detection

12. THE FUTURE IS CLOSE
The 2014 Mercedes S-Class will have the option of autonomous steering, breaking, lane guidance, accident avoidance, and driver fatigue detection
By 2020 Volvo expects accident-free-cars and ”road trains” in which individual cars are electronically guided by a driver in a lead vehicle

13. THE GOALS WITH AUTOMATED DRIVING
Increase driving safety
Increase environmental savings
And to make it alright to send that SMS…

14. NEGATIVE EFFECTS UNKNOWN
New systems designed to support and help could also cause problems
Cruise-control make drivers passive and affect their break reaktion time negativelly
Automation systems will change the role of the driver from active to passive
How passive is OK? Is it OK to fall asleep?
How should autonomous systems be evaluated, what are the possible negative effects???

15. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Evaluation measures used today:
Lane keeping
Break reaktion time
Hazard detection …

16. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Evaluation measures used today:
Lane keeping
Break reaktion time
Hazard detection …
These measures will become meaningless in the future

17. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Evaluation measures of today:
Lane keeping - the car is steering
Break reaktion time
Hazard detection …
These measures will become meaningless in the future

18. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Evaluation measures of today:
Lane keeping - the car is steering
Break reaktion time - the car controlls the breaks
Hazard detection …
These measures will become meaningless in the future

19. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Evaluation measures of today:
Lane keeping - the car is steering
Break reaktion time - the car controlls the breaks
Hazard detection - the car detects obstacles …
These measures will become meaningless in the future

20. OUR CHALLANGE Define the new driver role Define critical situations
Develop new test methods
Situation awareness?
Drowsiness?
Alertness?
Trust? …
Trustworthiness?
Guessability?
Usability? …

21. Camilla Grane CAMILLA GRANE
M.Sc. in Ergonomic Design and Production Engineering
Ph.D. in Engineering Psychology
Department of Human Work Sciences
Luleå University of Technology, LTU
Main interests:
How to improve safety and human-machine-interaction in vehicles and in the mining industry